Pathetic Facts

American musicians died at 63

Here are 17 famous musicians from United States of America died at 63:

Frederick Exley

Frederick Exley (March 28, 1929 Watertown-June 17, 1992 Edward John Noble Hospital of Gouverneur) a.k.a. Frederick Earl Exley or Frederick Earl "Fred" Exley was an American novelist and screenwriter.

Exley was best known for his 1968 novel "A Fan's Notes" which is considered to be a cult classic in American literature. The novel is a semi-autobiographical account of Exley's experiences as a young man growing up in Watertown, New York, and his obsession with football player Frank Gifford. Exley's work was praised for its raw honesty and introspection, and has been compared to the works of Jack Kerouac and J.D. Salinger. In addition to his literary career, Exley also worked as a screenwriter for several television shows in the 1960s and 1970s. Despite his success as a writer, Exley suffered from alcoholism throughout his life, which ultimately contributed to his early death at the age of 63.

Exley was born in a wealthy family, but suffered a lot due to his father's alcoholism and untimely death. He attended the University of Southern California, but dropped out after a year to join the army. After his military service, Exley worked at various odd jobs before starting his writing career. "A Fan's Notes" was his first and most acclaimed novel, but he also authored two other books - "Pages from a Cold Island" and "Last Notes from Home." Exley's works were characterized by their confessional, autobiographical nature, and often dealt with themes of loneliness, obsession, and self-destructive behavior. He was also known for his love of sports, and wrote extensively on the subject. Despite his struggles with alcoholism, Exley remained a prolific writer throughout his life, and his works continue to be admired by readers and critics alike.

He died caused by heart failure.

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Mary Abigail Dodge

Mary Abigail Dodge (March 31, 1833 Hamilton-August 17, 1896) also known as Gail Hamilton or Mary Dodge was an American personality.

She was widely known as a writer and essayist, and was also an advocate for women's rights. Born in Hamilton, Massachusetts, Dodge was the daughter of a Congregationalist minister and grew up with a passion for reading and writing. She began her career as a teacher, but eventually turned her attention to writing full time.

Over the course of her career, Dodge wrote a number of books and essays on a variety of topics, including education, social reform, and women's suffrage. She was a frequent contributor to magazines and newspapers, and her writing was known for its wit and intelligence.

Dodge was also active in the women's rights movement, and was a member of several organizations dedicated to advancing women's rights and opportunities. She was a strong advocate for women's education, and believed that women should have the same opportunities as men in all areas of life.

Despite facing criticism and opposition for her views, Dodge continued to write and speak out on behalf of women's rights throughout her life. She died in 1896 at the age of 63, but her legacy as a writer and advocate for women's rights lives on.

Dodge's most famous work is her collection of essays entitled "Woman's Worth and Worthlessness," which was published in 1872. In this work, she argued that women should have the right to vote and that they were just as capable as men of holding positions of influence and power. Dodge also contributed to the development of the field of Domestic Science, which aimed to improve the quality of life for women by teaching them skills such as cooking, sewing, and home management. In addition to her writing and activism, Dodge was also known for her sense of humor and satirical wit. She often used her writing as a platform to comment on social and political issues of the day, and her works reflected her progressive and feminist views. Today, Dodge is remembered as a pioneering woman in American letters and an important figure in the fight for women's rights.

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George W. S. Trow

George W. S. Trow (September 28, 1943 Greenwich-November 24, 2006 Naples) also known as George Swift Trow, George Trow, George Trow III or George William Swift Trow Jr. was an American novelist, critic, playwright, actor and screenwriter.

He was born in Greenwich, Connecticut and attended Phillips Exeter Academy, where he became friends with future famous novelists John Irving and William Hogan. Trow went on to study at Harvard University, where he was a member of the Harvard Lampoon and graduated with a degree in English. He then worked as an editor at The New Yorker for more than 20 years, where he wrote many notable pieces of cultural criticism, including a provocative essay in 1980 titled "Within the Context of No Context" which examined the decline of American culture.

Aside from his work as a journalist, Trow also wrote several novels, including "The Harvard Black Rock Forest" and "My Pilgrim's Progress". He also wrote for television, contributing to shows such as "The Cosby Show", "Saturday Night Live", and "The Love Boat". Trow was also an actor and playwright, frequently collaborating with the director Robert Wilson on theater productions.

Trow passed away in 2006 in Naples, Italy, where he had been living for several years. He left behind a legacy of thought-provoking cultural criticism and creative work in various mediums.

In addition to his work at The New Yorker, George W. S. Trow was also a respected teacher and lecturer. He taught at the New School for Social Research and at the Columbia School of Journalism, where he was known for his passionate discussions on media and cultural criticism. Trow was also a recipient of the Rome Prize in Literature, which allowed him to spend time studying and writing in Italy. His influence extended beyond his own writing, as he mentored and inspired a new generation of writers and journalists who valued his sharp wit and incisive commentary.

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James Thomas Fields

James Thomas Fields (December 31, 1817 Portsmouth-April 24, 1881 Boston) was an American poet, publisher and editing.

He played a significant role in 19th-century American literature and was an influential figure in the literary world of New England. Fields began his career as a publisher in Boston, eventually becoming a partner in the publishing firm Ticknor and Fields. Through this company, Fields published many prominent American authors such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Nathaniel Hawthorne.

Fields was also an accomplished writer himself, publishing numerous poetry collections and essays. He was a regular contributor to The Atlantic Monthly, and his column, "Under the Gaslight," was a popular feature in the magazine. Fields was known for his keen literary insights and for his ability to recognize budding literary talent. He was a mentor to many young writers, including Louisa May Alcott and Emily Dickinson.

In addition to his literary accomplishments, Fields was also a philanthropist and social reformer. He advocated for women's rights and was involved in charitable organizations throughout his life. Fields died of a stroke in 1881, but his legacy as an important figure in American letters and a champion of social justice lives on.

Fields was born into a family of modest means, and his mother died when he was only four years old. Despite facing financial hardships, Fields was determined to pursue his love of literature and writing. He attended school in Portsmouth and later worked as an apprentice in a bookselling firm in Boston. It was during this time that he became acquainted with many of the prominent writers of his era.

As a publisher, Fields was renowned for his ability to recognize talent and for his willingness to take risks on new writers. He was instrumental in the success of many literary figures, including Harriet Beecher Stowe, whose novel "Uncle Tom's Cabin" became a cultural sensation. He also helped to popularize the work of Charles Dickens in America and became a close friend of the famous author.

In addition to his work as a publisher, Fields was also an accomplished public speaker and was known for his wit and humor. He gave many lectures on literature and culture and was a popular figure on the lecture circuit. He was active in Boston society and counted many influential people among his friends, including Oliver Wendell Holmes and Julia Ward Howe.

Fields' contributions to American literature were recognized during his lifetime, and he received many honors and awards. He was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and was awarded an honorary degree from Harvard University. He was also awarded the Order of Franz Joseph, a prestigious honor from the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

Today, Fields is remembered as a giant of American literature and an important figure in the cultural life of New England. His contributions to the literary world helped to shape the course of American literature, and his legacy continues to inspire new generations of writers and readers.

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James Baldwin

James Baldwin (August 2, 1924 Harlem-December 1, 1987 Saint Paul de Vence) otherwise known as James Arthur Baldwin was an American writer, novelist, poet, playwright, essayist, activist and actor.

Baldwin's writing often dealt with themes of race, sexuality, and class, and he was a prominent voice in both the Civil Rights Movement and the LGBTQ+ rights movement. He is considered one of the most important writers of the 20th century and his work continues to be widely read and studied today. Some of his most famous works include "Notes of a Native Son," "Giovanni's Room," "The Fire Next Time," and "Go Tell It on the Mountain." Throughout his career, he received numerous accolades and awards, including a Guggenheim Fellowship and honorary degrees from several universities.

Baldwin was born to a single mother, Emma Berdis Jones, and never knew his biological father. His stepfather, David Baldwin, whom he described as a strict and abusive preacher, had a profound impact on his life and influenced many of his literary works. Despite facing discrimination and segregation throughout his childhood, Baldwin showed a passion for reading and writing from an early age, and eventually moved to Greenwich Village in New York City, where he began his writing career.

Throughout his life, Baldwin was unapologetic in his activism and advocacy for marginalized communities. He was a vocal critic of the American government's policies on race and sexuality, and used his platform to shed light on the injustices faced by African Americans and the LGBTQ+ community. His legacy continues to be felt today, with many activists, writers, and scholars using his work as a source of inspiration and guidance in their own pursuits.

Baldwin's personal life was also the subject of much fascination and speculation. Though he never formally came out as gay, many of his works explored themes of same-sex desire and relationships. He was also known for his close friendships and collaborations with other queer artists and writers, including poet Langston Hughes and painter Beauford Delaney. Baldwin remained unmarried throughout his life and had no children of his own.

He died caused by stomach cancer.

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Edwin Hubble

Edwin Hubble (November 20, 1889 Marshfield-September 28, 1953 San Marino) also known as Edwin Powell Hubble was an American astronomer and physicist.

Hubble played a crucial role in revolutionizing our understanding of the universe, particularly in the field of extragalactic astronomy. He was instrumental in the discovery of the expanding nature of the universe and the development of Hubble's Law, which states that the speed of recession of a galaxy from the Milky Way is proportional to its distance from us. Hubble was also the first to identify the existence of galaxies beyond the Milky Way, and he classified them into different types. In addition to his groundbreaking work in astronomy, Hubble also contributed to the development of military technology during World War I while serving as an officer in the U.S. Army. He was awarded the Medal of Merit by President Truman for his wartime efforts. Hubble received numerous awards and honors for his contributions to the field of astronomy, including the National Medal of Science and the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society. Today, Hubble's name is most famously associated with the Hubble Space Telescope, which was named in his honor and has captured some of the most stunning images of the universe since its launch in 1990.

Hubble was born in Marshfield, Missouri, in 1889. He showed an early interest in science and astronomy, and went on to study mathematics and astronomy at the University of Chicago. After earning his PhD in 1917, he served as a civilian astronomer for the U.S. Army, where he was tasked with developing technologies for detecting submarines during World War I.

Following the war, Hubble returned to astronomy and began studying nebulae, or clouds of gas and dust in space. In 1923, he made a groundbreaking discovery that changed the course of astronomy: the Andromeda Nebula, previously thought to be a part of the Milky Way, was actually a separate galaxy located millions of light-years away. This discovery paved the way for the study of other galaxies and the development of modern cosmology.

Throughout his career, Hubble made numerous contributions to our understanding of the universe, including the discovery of Cepheid variable stars, which allowed astronomers to accurately measure distances in space. He also proved the existence of dark matter, a mysterious substance that makes up a significant portion of the universe's mass.

Hubble's work in astronomy and cosmology had a profound impact on our understanding of the universe and our place in it. Today, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest astronomers of the 20th century, and his name lives on through the Hubble Space Telescope, which continues to capture stunning images of the cosmos.

He died in cerebral thrombosis.

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V. C. Andrews

V. C. Andrews (June 6, 1923 Portsmouth-December 19, 1986 Virginia Beach) a.k.a. Cleo Virginia Andrews, V.C. Andrews, Virginia Andrews, Virginia C. Andrews or Virginia C Andrews was an American writer and novelist.

Though Andrews began her writing career in the 1970s, she didn't become a household name until the release of her debut novel "Flowers in the Attic" in 1979. The dark and controversial tale of four siblings who are imprisoned and abused by their wealthy grandparents became a runaway bestseller, and spawned a series of sequels and adaptations.

Andrews experienced significant health issues throughout her life, including severe arthritis and a near-fatal stroke in her 30s. She was first diagnosed with breast cancer in the early 1980s, and it eventually spread throughout her body. Despite her struggles with illness, Andrews continued to write and publish books up until her death in 1986, at the age of 63. Today, Andrews is remembered as a trailblazing author in the young adult and gothic romance genres, and her books continue to captivate readers around the world.

Throughout her career, V.C. Andrews published over 70 novels, many of which have been bestsellers. Her work often explored themes of family secrets, tragedy, and forbidden love, and her writing style often featured lush and descriptive prose. Andrews has been credited with popularizing the "teen horror" genre, which continues to be a popular subcategory in young adult literature.

Despite her success, Andrews was known for being reclusive and secretive. She rarely gave interviews or made public appearances, and her personal life was largely shrouded in mystery. After her death, it was revealed that Andrews had written several unpublished manuscripts, which were later completed and published posthumously by a ghostwriter hired by her publisher.

Today, V.C. Andrews is considered a cult classic author, and her novels continue to be popular among fans of gothic and romance novels. The enduring popularity of works like "Flowers in the Attic" have cemented Andrews' place in literary history, and her influence can be seen in the many authors who have followed in her footsteps.

She died in breast cancer.

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Frank Richard Maloney

Frank Richard Maloney (September 9, 1945-January 6, 2009) a.k.a. Frank richard maloney was an American writer.

He was known for his books on true crime and his work as a journalist. Maloney was born in New York City and grew up in Queens. He attended St. John's University and went on to work for various newspapers and magazines, including The New York Post, New York Daily News, and Time. Maloney authored several well-received books on crime, including "The FBI's Ten Most Wanted" and "The World's Most Infamous Murders." He also wrote about sports, including boxing and baseball. Maloney passed away in 2009 at the age of 63.

In addition to his successful writing career, Maloney also worked as a screenwriter and television producer. He wrote episodes for the popular crime drama series, "Law & Order", and was also a producer for the show during its earliest seasons. Maloney's expertise in crime journalism and his attention to detail made him a valuable asset to the show's production team. He was also a sought-after consultant for other crime-related television shows and movies. Maloney's work in the entertainment industry helped raise awareness of true crime and its impact on society. He was a respected journalist and author who left a lasting legacy in the field of crime reporting.

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Alan E. Nourse

Alan E. Nourse (August 11, 1928 Des Moines-July 19, 1992 Thorp) otherwise known as Alan Edward Nourse, Doctor X, Alan Nourse or Dr. Alan E. Nourse was an American physician, writer and novelist.

He wrote both fiction and non-fiction works, often focusing on medical and scientific themes. Nourse's most famous work in fiction was the novel "The Bladerunner," which was later adapted into the 1982 film "Blade Runner." In addition to his writing, Nourse worked as a physician and a medical journalist, contributing articles to popular magazines such as Life and Reader's Digest. He was also active in the science fiction community, serving as the president of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America in the late 1960s. Nourse's writing is known for its scientific accuracy and attention to detail, as well as its exploration of ethical and moral dilemmas.

Nourse began his writing career while still practicing medicine, publishing his first short stories in the late 1940s. He went on to write over 20 novels and numerous short stories, which were translated into several languages and inspired many future science fiction writers. Some of his notable works include "Star Surgeon," "The Mercy Men," and "The Invaders Are Coming!"

In addition to his career in medicine and writing, Nourse was a committed advocate for public health and education. He served as the president of the American Medical Writers Association and was a member of the American Public Health Association. Nourse also wrote several non-fiction books, including "The Body Snatchers," which exposed unethical practices in the medical industry, and "Behold the Healer," which explored the intersection of religion and medicine.

Despite his many accomplishments, Nourse's work remains relatively unknown outside of the science fiction community. However, his contributions to both medicine and literature continue to inspire and influence people today.

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Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin D. Roosevelt (January 30, 1882 Hyde Park-April 12, 1945 Warm Springs) otherwise known as Franklin D. Rossevelt, FDR, Franklin D Roosevelt, Franklin Roosevelt, Houdini In the White House, The Sphinx, That Man In the White House, The Squire of Hyde Park, F.D.R., President Franklin D. Roosevelt, President Roosevelt, Delano Roosevelt, Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt, Franlin D. Roosevelt, Franklin Delano Roosevelt or President Franklin Delano Roosevelt was an American politician, lawyer, writer, corporate lawyer and soldier. He had six children, James Roosevelt, Anna Roosevelt Halsted, John Aspinwall Roosevelt, Elliott Roosevelt, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Jr. and Franklin D. Roosevelt, Jr..

Franklin D. Roosevelt served as the 32nd President of the United States, holding office from 1933 until his death in 1945. He was the only president to be elected to four terms in office. During his presidency, he led the country through some of its most difficult times, including the Great Depression and World War II. His New Deal program implemented a series of economic and social reforms that helped to create jobs and stimulate the economy. Roosevelt was also instrumental in the formation of the United Nations, which was created to promote international cooperation and prevent future wars. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential leaders in American history.

In addition to his political career, Roosevelt was also known for his progressive views on civil rights and equality, and he fought to ensure the rights of all Americans, regardless of race or gender. He signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. He also established the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) to provide affordable housing loans to those who had been previously excluded from home ownership due to discrimination. Despite being confined to a wheelchair due to a bout of polio he suffered in 1921, Roosevelt remained an active and outspoken leader, using his personal struggles to inspire and connect with the American people. His famous quote, "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself," remains a powerful statement of courage and determination to this day.

He died as a result of cerebral hemorrhage.

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Robin Williams

Robin Williams (July 21, 1951 Chicago-August 11, 2014 Paradise Cay) otherwise known as Robin McLaurin Williams, Marty Fromage, Sudy Nim, Ray D. Tutto, Robin McLaurim Williams or Robin Willaims was an American actor, screenwriter, voice actor, stand-up comedian, comedian and film producer. He had four children, Zachary Pym Williams, Zelda Rae Williams, Cody Alan Williams and Zak Williams.

Discography: Reality… What a Concept, Throbbing Python of Love, A Night at the Met, Live 2002, Weapons of Self Destuction, Weapons of Self Destruction and Pecos Bill.

He died in asphyxia.

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Edwin Howard Armstrong

Edwin Howard Armstrong (December 18, 1890 Chelsea-January 31, 1954 New York City) was an American inventor, electrical engineer and engineer.

Armstrong is credited with inventing the regenerative circuit, superheterodyne receiver, and FM radio. He also held over 40 patents during his lifetime. Armstrong studied electrical engineering at Columbia University and later became a professor there. His inventions revolutionized radio broadcasting and paved the way for advancements in telecommunications. Despite his pioneering work, Armstrong struggled with financial difficulties and legal battles over patent disputes throughout his life. His tragic death at the age of 63 is believed to have been the result of ongoing depression and frustration. However, his contributions to the field of radio and telecommunications continue to be celebrated today.

After his death, Armstrong was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his contributions to the development of radio technology. He was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1975 and the National Radio Hall of Fame in 1980. In addition to his technical achievements, Armstrong was known for his commitment to sharing his knowledge with others. He was a generous and patient teacher, and his students often cited him as a major influence in their own careers. Today, Armstrong's legacy lives on through his inventions and the impact he had on the world of telecommunications.

He died caused by suicide.

Francis Scott Key

Francis Scott Key (August 1, 1779 Carroll County-January 11, 1843 Baltimore) otherwise known as Key, Francis Scott was an American lawyer, poet and author. He had two children, Philip Barton Key II and Philip Barton Key.

Francis Scott Key is best known for writing the lyrics to the United States' national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner." The song, originally titled "Defense of Fort M'Henry," was written during the War of 1812 after Key witnessed the American flag still flying over Fort McHenry in Baltimore despite a night-long bombardment by the British.

Aside from his patriotic work, Key was a successful lawyer and served as the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia. He was a fervent advocate for the abolishment of slavery and defended slaves in court. Key also served as a member of the American Colonization Society, which aimed to resettle African-Americans in Africa.

Today, Key's legacy is celebrated through numerous monuments and memorials, including the Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore and the Key Monument in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco.

In addition to his passion for law and patriotic poetry, Francis Scott Key was also an accomplished musician. He taught himself how to play multiple instruments such as the violin and flute, and utilized his musical talent to compose his own hymns and songs. Key's passion for music inspired his support for the creation of music programs and music education in schools. Furthermore, Key was an active member of the Episcopal Church, and served as a lay leader in multiple congregations throughout his lifetime. His deep faith and commitment to justice and equality continue to resonate with people to this day.

He died as a result of pleurisy.

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Lee Marvin

Lee Marvin (February 19, 1924 New York City-August 29, 1987 Tucson) was an American actor and soldier. His children are called Courtenay Marvin, Claudia Marvin, Cynthia Marvin and Christopher Marvin.

Lee Marvin started his acting career in 1950 with a small role in the film "Teresa". He went on to appear in numerous films, including "The Wild One," "The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance," and "The Dirty Dozen," for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor. Marvin was not only an accomplished actor, but also a veteran of World War II, having served with the United States Marine Corps in the Pacific Theater. In addition to his film work, Marvin also appeared on television, including the series "M Squad" and "The Virginian." He was known for his tough-guy persona and gravelly voice, and his legacy continues to influence actors today.

Marvin was born into a family of privilege and attended several prestigious schools before enlisting in the U.S. Marine Corps during World War II. He was wounded in action during the Battle of Saipan and was awarded the Purple Heart. After the war, Marvin worked a series of odd jobs before pursuing a career in acting. He studied at the American Theatre Wing in New York City and made his Broadway debut in 1950.

Marvin was known for his versatility as an actor, and he played a wide range of roles throughout his career. In addition to his tough-guy roles, he also appeared in comedies like "Cat Ballou" and dramas like "The Iceman Cometh." He collaborated frequently with director John Boorman, appearing in the films "Point Blank" and "Hell in the Pacific."

Despite his success as an actor, Marvin struggled with personal demons throughout his life, including alcoholism and depression. He was married twice and had several high-profile romances, including with Michelle Triola, who famously sued him for palimony. Marvin was also a known supporter of gun rights and appeared in several ads for the National Rifle Association.

Despite his complicated personal life, Marvin is remembered as one of the great actors of his generation, and his contributions to film continue to be celebrated today.

He died caused by myocardial infarction.

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Robert E. Lee

Robert E. Lee (January 19, 1807 Stratford Hall-October 12, 1870 Lexington city) also known as Robert Edward Lee, Marble Man, Marble Model, Granny Lee, The Great Tycoon, The King of Spades, The Old Man, Marse Robert, Bobby Lee or Robert E Lee was an American soldier. His children are called George Washington Custis Lee, William Henry Fitzhugh Lee, Robert E. Lee, Jr., Mary Custis Lee, Anne Carter Lee, Eleanor Agnes Lee and Mildred Childe Lee.

Robert E. Lee was a general in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. He was the son of a Revolutionary War hero, Henry "Light-Horse Harry" Lee, and his wife Anne Hill Carter Lee. Lee attended the United States Military Academy at West Point and graduated second in his class. He went on to serve in the Mexican-American War and was an admired officer.

When the Civil War broke out, Lee initially opposed secession and hoped for a peaceful resolution. However, when his home state of Virginia seceded, he resigned from the U.S. Army and joined the Confederate Army. Lee quickly became one of the South's most successful generals and is known for his tactical brilliance on the battlefield.

After the Civil War ended, Lee became the president of Washington College in Lexington, Virginia (now Washington and Lee University). He worked to rebuild the college, which had suffered during the war, and was beloved by his students.

Despite his reputation as a military genius, Lee's legacy has become controversial in recent years due to his support of slavery and the Confederacy. Some have argued that he should not be celebrated, while others argue that he played an important role in American history and should be remembered for both his successes and his flaws.

Lee grew up on his family's Stratford plantation in Virginia and was educated privately until he went to West Point at the age of 18. After graduating, he served in the U.S. Army for over 30 years and became a prominent figure in the American military. Lee is known for his leadership skills and was respected by both Union and Confederate soldiers.

During the Civil War, Lee commanded the Army of Northern Virginia and played a major role in many of the war's most significant battles, including the Battle of Gettysburg. However, his Confederate forces were ultimately defeated, and he surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House in April 1865.

Following the war, Lee became a symbol of southern pride and a controversial figure in American history. Despite his victories on the battlefield, his support of slavery and the Confederacy has led to criticism of his legacy.

Today, Lee's life and career continue to be studied and debated by historians and academics alike. There are monuments and memorials dedicated to Lee throughout the United States, but many have been removed in recent years due to controversy surrounding their symbolism.

He died caused by pneumonia.

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Robert Nozick

Robert Nozick (November 16, 1938 Brooklyn-January 23, 2002 Cambridge) was an American philosopher, professor and author.

Nozick was best known for his book "Anarchy, State, and Utopia," which won the National Book Award for Philosophy and Religion in 1975. He taught at Harvard University for over two decades, and was a leading figure in the libertarian movement in the United States. Nozick's other notable works include "The Examined Life" and "Philosophical Explanations." He was also a prominent commentator on ethical, political, and metaphysical issues, and his contributions to these fields are widely studied and discussed to this day. In addition to his academic pursuits, Nozick was an accomplished amateur magician, and even performed at Harvard's annual "Fun Night" talent show for several years.

Nozick was born to a Jewish family, and his parents were immigrants from Russia. He grew up in Brooklyn, New York, and attended Columbia University, where he earned a bachelor's degree in philosophy in 1959. He went on to earn a master's degree and a doctorate in philosophy from Princeton University in 1961 and 1963, respectively.

Nozick's philosophy was heavily influenced by the ideas of Friedrich Nietzsche, Ludwig Wittgenstein, and the Austrian School of economics. He rejected utilitarianism and other forms of consequentialist ethics, arguing instead for a rights-based approach to morality. In "Anarchy, State, and Utopia," Nozick defended the idea of a minimal state that exists solely to protect individual rights and liberties.

Despite his libertarian views, Nozick was known for his collegiality and willingness to engage with thinkers from a wide range of ideological backgrounds. He was also committed to social justice and served on the board of the Children's Defense Fund.

After his death, some commentators criticized Nozick for his limited engagement with issues of race and gender. Nonetheless, his work remains a major influence on contemporary political and moral philosophy.

He died caused by stomach cancer.

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Ulysses S. Grant

Ulysses S. Grant (April 27, 1822 Point Pleasant-July 23, 1885 Wilton) a.k.a. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, Hiram Ulysses Grant, S. Ulysses Grant, Ulysses Grant, Hero of Appomattox, Ulyss, Lyss, Sam, Mr. Grant, Uncle Sam, "Unconditional Surrender" Grant or The Butcher was an American military officer, politician and soldier. His children are called Frederick Dent Grant, Jesse Root Grant, Ellen Wrenshall Grant and Ulysses S. Grant Jr..

Grant was the 18th President of the United States, serving two terms from 1869 to 1877. He played a pivotal role in the Union victory during the American Civil War, serving as Commanding General of the Union Army. Grant's military strategy of coordinated and aggressive attacks helped to turn the tide of the war in favor of the Union.

After his presidency, Grant struggled financially and was diagnosed with throat cancer. Despite his illness, he wrote his memoirs to provide for his family after his death. The Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant are considered one of the greatest works of American literature and a valuable historical resource. In 1885, Grant passed away at the age of 63. His funeral drew tens of thousands of mourners and was one of the largest state funerals in US history.

Grant was born in Ohio and grew up in a family of modest means. He attended the United States Military Academy at West Point, where he graduated in 1843. During the Mexican-American War, he served as a quartermaster, and his bravery during the Battle of Chapultepec earned him a promotion to captain.

At the outbreak of the Civil War, Grant was working in his family's leather goods store. He quickly returned to military service, leading several successful campaigns in the Western Theater. His victory at Vicksburg, Mississippi, in 1863, gave the Union control of the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy in two.

In 1864, President Abraham Lincoln appointed Grant as General-in-Chief of the Union Army. Grant's strategy of attrition, which involved wearing down the Confederacy's armies through constant attacks, ultimately proved successful.

After his presidency, Grant embarked on a world tour, meeting with many foreign leaders. He also became involved in several business ventures, including a financial firm that went bankrupt, leaving Grant financially ruined. Despite this setback, he remained a popular figure in American history.

Grant is remembered for his prowess as a military strategist during the Civil War and for his efforts to reconcile the North and South after the conflict. Today, he is often ranked among the greatest American presidents.

He died caused by esophageal cancer.

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