Pathetic Facts

German music stars who deceased at age 73

Here are 21 famous musicians from Germany died at 73:

Carl Buchheister

Carl Buchheister (October 17, 1890 Hanover-February 2, 1964 Hanover) was a German personality.

He was a painter and a graphic designer who was associated with the Constructivist and Concrete Art movements. Buchheister's work featured geometric abstraction and non-representational forms that were influenced by his interest in mathematics and architecture. He was also well-known for his teaching and mentoring of other artists, including many important figures in the post-war German art scene, such as Josef Albers and Max Bill. Additionally, Buchheister was a member of the influential De Stijl group, founded in the Netherlands, and was an important figure in the development of 20th century abstract art.

Buchheister studied at the Kunstgewerbeakademie in Hanover, and later at the Academy of Fine Arts in Berlin, where he was exposed to the art of the Russian Constructivists. He began creating his own geometric and abstract works in the late 1910s and early 1920s, and became a member of the Arbeitsrat für Kunst (Workers' Council for Art) during the German Revolution of 1918-1919.

In the 1920s, Buchheister exhibited his work in several exhibitions throughout Germany, including the influential "First International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts" in 1925. He also designed sets and costumes for several theater productions during this time.

During the Nazi regime, Buchheister's work was deemed "degenerate" and he was forced to cease his artistic activities. However, after World War II, he resumed his artistic career, and in 1951 he was appointed professor at the Staatliche Hochschule für Bildende Künste in Hamburg, where he taught until his retirement in 1955.

Today, Buchheister's works can be found in many major museum collections around the world, including the Museum of Modern Art in New York and the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam. His contributions to the development of geometric abstraction and Concrete Art continue to be recognized as important and influential in the history of modern art.

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Viktor Holtz

Viktor Holtz (May 3, 1846 Stolberg-September 3, 1919 Poznań) was a German personality.

He was a lawyer and politician, known for his involvement in the creation of the German Empire. Holtz was also a member of the Prussian House of Representatives, serving from 1879 to 1881. After leaving politics, he became a judge and later served as president of the Imperial Court of Justice in Leipzig. Holtz was highly respected for his legal knowledge and his dedication to justice, and his contributions to the German legal system continue to be felt today. Despite his success, Holtz remained humble and dedicated to his work, and he is remembered as a model of integrity and professionalism.

Throughout his career, Viktor Holtz was known for his support for the unification of Germany, which came to fruition in 1871. He was a member of the National Liberal Party and an advocate for individual rights and freedoms. Holtz was also a prolific writer, penning numerous legal and political works throughout his lifetime. His most notable publication was "Das Staatsrecht des Norddeutschen Bundes", a comprehensive analysis of the legal system of the newly formed North German Confederation, which laid the groundwork for the German Empire's constitution. In recognition of his contributions to German legal scholarship, Holtz was awarded honorary doctorates from multiple universities, including the University of Jena and the University of Leipzig. Today, his legacy lives on as a testament to the power of principled leadership and the importance of upholding the rule of law.

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Paul Verhoeven

Paul Verhoeven (June 23, 1901 Unna-March 22, 1975 Munich) was a German screenwriter, film director, actor and author. He had four children, Michael Verhoeven, Lis Verhoeven, Monika Verhoeven and Thomas Schultze-Westrum.

Verhoeven began his career in the German film industry and later moved to Hollywood in the 1960s. He is best known for his films such as "Soldier of Orange", "Robocop", "Basic Instinct" and "Starship Troopers". Verhoeven's films often contained controversial themes and graphic violence, which earned him both critical acclaim and criticism. Aside from directing, Verhoeven also wrote a number of books, including his autobiography titled "Jesus of Nazareth". He passed away in Munich in 1975 at the age of 73.

Verhoeven was born in Unna, Germany to a school teacher and a banker, and grew up in The Hague, Netherlands. He studied mathematics and physics at the University of Leiden before deciding to pursue a career in the film industry. Verhoeven directed his first film, "A Lady Like Claire," in 1951, and went on to direct over 20 films throughout his career.

Aside from his work in film, Verhoeven was also a dedicated member of the resistance during World War II, working with the Dutch underground to smuggle Jews to safety. This experience influenced many of his later films, which often explored themes of violence, oppression, and fascism.

Despite his controversial reputation, Verhoeven was widely respected in the film industry and earned numerous awards throughout his career, including a Golden Globe for "Soldier of Orange" and a Saturn Award for "Robocop". He is often cited as one of the most influential directors of his generation and his films continue to be studied and admired by film scholars around the world.

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Christian Thomasius

Christian Thomasius (January 1, 1655 Leipzig-September 23, 1728 Halle) was a German philosopher.

He is known for being a pivotal figure in the movement toward Enlightenment in Germany, and is often called the "Father of German Enlightenment." In his work, Thomasius emphasized a scientific approach to philosophy, advocating for the use of empirical evidence in the study of ethics and morality. He was also a strong supporter of religious tolerance, arguing that people should be free to choose their own beliefs rather than having them imposed by the state or church. Thomasius was a prolific writer, publishing works on subjects ranging from law and history to literature and philosophy. He played a significant role in the development of German intellectual culture, and his ideas had a lasting influence on the Enlightenment movement across Europe.

In addition to his philosophical and social contributions, Christian Thomasius was also a pioneer in the field of legal studies. He was the first to break away from traditional Roman law teachings, advocating for a new approach that emphasized the importance of local customs and practices. He founded the first German journal dedicated to legal studies, "German Jurisprudence," and also established the first German chair in natural law at the University of Halle, where he taught for over 30 years. Thomasius was a man ahead of his time, whose progressive ideas helped to shape the course of German intellectual history. His legacy continues to inspire scholars and thinkers around the world today.

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Miltiades Caridis

Miltiades Caridis (May 9, 1923 Gdańsk-April 5, 1997) was a German conductor.

Miltiades Caridis was born in Gdańsk, Poland to a Greek father and a French mother. He started his music career as a pianist and later studied conducting with famous maestros such as Herbert von Karajan and Wilhelm Furtwängler. He made his conducting debut in Berlin in 1946 and quickly gained attention for his passionate and expressive interpretations of classical and modern repertoire.

Caridis served as the principal conductor of the Greek National Opera from 1957 to 1960 and later led orchestras in Italy, Germany, and Switzerland. He was particularly acclaimed for his performances of the works of Richard Strauss, Gustav Mahler, and Dmitri Shostakovich.

Throughout his career, Caridis recorded extensively, including acclaimed recordings of Strauss' "Also sprach Zarathustra" and Brahms' Symphony No. 1. He was also known for his dedication to contemporary music and commissioned works from a number of composers.

Despite his success, Caridis remained a relatively private and enigmatic figure, known for his intense focus and dedication to his craft. He died in 1997 following a stroke, leaving behind a legacy as one of the most exciting and accomplished conductors of his generation.

In addition to his career as a conductor, Miltiades Caridis also served as a professor at the Giuseppe Verdi Conservatory in Milan and the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna. Many prominent conductors and musicians studied under him, including the renowned Austrian conductor Ingo Metzmacher.

Caridis was also a prolific composer, with a catalog of over 100 works spanning various genres including opera, chamber music, and symphonic music. Despite his wide-ranging musical interests, he remained committed to promoting the music of his Greek heritage and frequently incorporated elements of Greek folk music into his compositions.

In recognition of his contributions to music, Caridis received numerous awards and honors throughout his career, including the prestigious Bundesverdienstkreuz, Germany's highest civilian honor, and the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic.

Today, Caridis is remembered as a dynamic and influential figure in the world of classical music, whose artistic vision and dedication to his craft left an indelible mark on generations of musicians and music lovers.

He died caused by stroke.

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Theophilus Riesinger

Theophilus Riesinger (February 27, 1868 Germany-November 9, 1941) was a German personality.

He was a philosopher, theologian, and social reformer who was known for his work in promoting humanism and social justice. Riesinger was a strong advocate for the rights of workers and was dedicated to improving their conditions. He worked closely with trade unions and supported efforts to improve working conditions and wages for laborers.

Riesinger was also an accomplished writer, having written several books on theology and philosophy. His works were widely read and he was regarded as one of the leading voices in the humanist movement in Germany.

Despite his many accomplishments, Riesinger's life was not without its challenges. He lived through the tumultuous period of World War I and was deeply affected by the devastation and horror that he witnessed. He continued to work tirelessly for social justice, however, and remained committed to his vision of a more equitable and humane society until his death in 1941.

Riesinger was born into a Catholic family and received his education at the University of Munich, where he studied philosophy and theology. He later worked as a priest, but he eventually resigned from the church because he disagreed with certain aspects of its teachings. This move allowed him more freedom to pursue his own ideas and activism.

Throughout his life, Riesinger was involved in various social and political movements. He was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany and was active in trade union movements. He also supported women's suffrage and was involved in the pacifist movement. Riesinger believed that social change should be achieved through peaceful means and was a strong advocate for nonviolent resistance.

Riesinger's philosophy centered around the idea of humanism, which emphasized the value and agency of individual human beings. He believed that every person had inherent worth and that society should be structured in a way that allowed everyone to reach their full potential. Riesinger's work in theology often reflected these humanist ideas and emphasized the importance of compassion, empathy, and understanding.

In addition to his activism and writing, Riesinger was also a sought-after speaker. He traveled extensively, giving lectures on topics such as social justice, philosophy, and theology. His speeches were known for their passionate and inspiring messages, and he was regarded as a gifted orator.

Today, Riesinger is remembered as a leading figure in the humanist movement in Germany. His work has had a lasting impact on the fields of philosophy, theology, and social justice, and his dedication to creating a more equitable and humane society continues to inspire activists and thinkers around the world.

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Johann Kaspar Bluntschli

Johann Kaspar Bluntschli (March 7, 1808 Zürich-October 21, 1881 Karlsruhe) was a German personality.

He was a renowned Swiss jurist, political scientist, and writer. Bluntschli was considered one of the most distinguished authorities on international law and political institutions in the 19th century. He was a professor of German law at the University of Zurich and later at Heidelberg University. Bluntschli's works on constitutional law and international law had a significant impact on legal theory and practice. He was a champion of Swiss federalism and played a pivotal role in the crafting of the Swiss Federal Constitution of 1848, which is still in force today. Bluntschli also served as a member of the Swiss National Council and was an advisor to several European governments on constitutional and legal issues. He authored numerous influential books, including "Das moderne Völkerrecht der civilisierten Staaten" (The Modern International Law of Civilized States) and "Allgemeines Staatsrecht" (General State Law). Bluntschli's contributions to political and legal theory are widely recognized and continue to be a source of inspiration for contemporary scholars.

Bluntschli was also a prolific writer of literature and became a member of the Academy of Literature in Stuttgart in 1859. He wrote several plays, including "Bernardino" and "Karl der Grosse," which were performed in Zurich and other European cities. Bluntschli was a proponent of the idea that literature and the arts could promote social and political change, and his literary works often dealt with these themes. In addition to his academic and literary pursuits, Bluntschli was also active in the public sphere. He was a founding member of the Swiss Society for Public Welfare and a member of the Swiss Red Cross. Bluntschli's commitment to civic engagement and social justice reflected his belief that legal and political institutions should serve to promote the common good. His legacy continues to inspire scholars and activists working towards these goals.

Hans-Jürgen von Arnim

Hans-Jürgen von Arnim (April 4, 1889 Dzierżoniów-September 1, 1962 Bad Wildungen) also known as Hans-Jurgen von Arnim was a German personality.

He served as a general during World War II and was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords. After the war, he was held as a prisoner of war by the Allies until his release in 1948. Arnim then worked as a writer, producing several books on military strategy and tactics. He was also involved in the development of the Bundeswehr, the post-war German armed forces. Arnim passed away at the age of 73 in Bad Wildungen, Germany.

During World War I, Hans-Jürgen von Arnim served as a lieutenant in the German army. He continued his military career in the inter-war years and was promoted to the rank of colonel by the outbreak of World War II. Arnim held several high-ranking positions during the war, including command of the Afrika Korps in Tunisia, where he faced the Allies under the command of General Bernard Law Montgomery. Arnim was later appointed commander of the 5th Panzer Army in the Eastern Front, where he successfully led his troops in several battles. Despite experiencing some defeats, Arnim was highly respected by his men as well as by his superiors. After the war, Arnim was interrogated by the Allies but was not charged with war crimes. In his later years, he became an advocate for peace and reconciliation between Germany and its former foes.

Louis Gathmann

Louis Gathmann (August 11, 1843 Kingdom of Hanover-June 3, 1917 Washington, D.C.) was a German engineer and inventor.

He is best known for his work in developing the first practical electric streetcar, which he built in 1886 in Richmond, Virginia. Gathmann also invented a number of other important electrical devices, including an improved arc lamp, a carbon transmitter for telephones, and a system for measuring the intensity of electric currents. He immigrated to the United States in 1871 and quickly established himself as a leading expert in the field of electrical engineering. In addition to his many technical achievements, Gathmann also played an important role in shaping the future of the electrical industry through his work as a teacher and mentor to young engineers, as well as his contributions to professional organizations and journals.

Gathmann was born in the Kingdom of Hanover, which is now part of modern-day Germany. He studied engineering at the Polytechnical School in Hanover before beginning his career in Europe. In 1871, Gathmann immigrated to the United States, where he found work with the Western Electric Company in Chicago. He quickly gained a reputation as a skilled engineer and inventor.

In the years following his move to the United States, Gathmann worked on a number of important electrical projects. He was instrumental in the development of the electric streetcar, which revolutionized public transportation and helped to usher in a new era of urbanization. Gathmann's streetcar was more reliable and efficient than previous models, which helped to popularize the use of electric power for transportation.

In addition to his work on the electric streetcar, Gathmann also played a key role in the development of the telephone industry. He invented an improved carbon transmitter for telephones, which allowed for clearer and more reliable communication over long distances. Gathmann's contributions to the field of electrical engineering were widely recognized, and he received numerous awards and honors throughout his career.

Despite his many technical accomplishments, Gathmann's legacy also includes his work as an educator and mentor. He taught electrical engineering at several universities, including the University of Illinois and George Washington University, and was a respected lecturer and author of technical papers. Gathmann's commitment to sharing his knowledge and expertise helped to shape the future of the electrical industry and inspire a new generation of engineers.

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Max Nordau

Max Nordau (July 29, 1849 Pest, Hungary-January 23, 1923 Paris) also known as Max S. Suedfeld or Max Simon Nordau was a German writer.

Additionally, Nordau was a physician, Zionist leader, and co-founder of the World Zionist Organization. He is known for his influential work "Degeneration" which focused on the supposed decline of Western civilization and the degeneration of its people. In his later years, he became increasingly involved in Jewish activism and became a key figure in the Zionist movement. Nordau was a prolific writer and his works encompassed various fields such as literature, philosophy, and politics.

Nordau initially practiced medicine in Paris, where he became interested in art and literature. He eventually became a prominent cultural critic and contributed to various publications such as Renaissance, Die Gesellschaft, and Die Zeit. Nordau was highly critical of modern art and its supposed lack of beauty and realism.

In addition to his literary and cultural contributions, Nordau played an important role in the Zionist movement. He was a close friend and colleague of Theodor Herzl, whom he met in 1892. Nordau served as Vice President of the first Zionist Congress in Basel in 1897, and was also a member of the Zionist Executive Committee. He believed that the establishment of a Jewish state was necessary for the survival of the Jewish people, and advocated for a secular and democratic state.

Nordau's work and ideas were controversial and he was both celebrated and criticized in his time. He continued to write and speak on various topics until his death in 1923. Today, he is remembered as a prominent figure in Zionist ideology and a key contributor to the intellectual discourse of his time.

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Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt

Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt (April 10, 1892 Jeseritz-December 20, 1965 Mainz) was a German personality.

He was a physical anthropologist, ethnographer, and eugenicist who became known for his research on human racial variations. He studied biology, anthropology, and geography at universities in Germany and Switzerland before becoming a professor of anthropology at the University of Berlin in 1929. During the Third Reich, he was a member of the Nazi Party and promoted the idea of racial purity. After World War II, he was banned from teaching but continued to publish his research. Despite controversy surrounding his eugenic beliefs, his contributions to physical anthropology are still recognized today.

During his career, Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt traveled extensively to different parts of the world to conduct research, including Africa, Asia, and Oceania. He is well-known for his work on craniometry, the study of the human skull, and for developing the cephalic index, which measures the ratio of the head's length to width. He was also interested in the genetic origins of different races and believed that skull shape and other physical features could be used to determine a person's racial heritage.

In addition to his academic pursuits, Eickstedt was involved in various organizations related to eugenics and racial purity. He served as the president of the German Society for Racial Hygiene and was also a member of the influential Ahnenerbe organization, which aimed to research and promote a supposed "Aryan" cultural legacy.

After the war, Eickstedt's association with the Nazi Party and his controversial beliefs led to his banning from teaching in West Germany. However, he continued to work on his research and published several books on race and anthropology, including his influential work "Rassenkunde und Rassengeschichte der Menschheit" (Race Science and the Racial History of Humankind). Despite his unsettling legacy, Eickstedt's work continues to be studied and debated by professionals in the fields of physical anthropology and eugenics.

Andreas Sigismund Marggraf

Andreas Sigismund Marggraf (March 3, 1709 Berlin-August 7, 1782 Berlin) was a German chemist.

He is best known for his discovery of the element zinc in 1746, which he isolated by melting and vaporizing calamine, a zinc-containing ore. Marggraf also made important contributions to the study of phosphorus, and discovered the properties of citric acid. He worked as a pharmacist and a professor of chemistry and mineralogy at the University of Berlin, and was a member of several academies of science in Europe. Marggraf was a pioneer in the field of quantitative analysis in chemistry, and his work played a key role in the development of modern analytical chemistry. He was also a mentor to many prominent scientists of his time, including Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Torbern Bergman.

Marggraf was born into a family of craftsmen and merchants in Berlin. Though he began his career as an apothecary, his interest in chemistry led him to pursue academic study. He studied under Johann Heinrich Schulze, a famous chemist, and later worked as a mineralogist for King Frederick the Great of Prussia. Marggraf's work laid the foundation for the systematic examination of mineral substances and established analytical chemistry as a discipline in its own right. He also experimented with the fermentation of alcohol, and his work on sugar chemistry led to the discovery of glucose. In addition to his scientific contributions, Marggraf was known for his modesty and generosity, and he was highly respected by his colleagues and students. Today, he is remembered as one of the most important figures in the history of chemistry.

Oscar Hertwig

Oscar Hertwig (April 21, 1849 Friedberg-October 25, 1922 Berlin) was a German personality.

He was a prominent biologist and zoologist, known for his research on embryology and cell division. Hertwig was a professor at the University of Jena and later became the director of the Zoological Institute at the University of Berlin. He discovered the process of fertilization and also proposed the concept of meiosis, which is the process of cell division that leads to the formation of gametes (sperm and eggs). Hertwig's research on the development of embryos also had important implications for the field of genetics. He published numerous scientific papers throughout his career and was widely regarded as one of the most important biologists of his time. Hertwig's contributions to science continue to be celebrated today, and he is remembered as a pioneering figure in the study of biology and embryology.

In addition to his groundbreaking research on embryology and cell division, Oscar Hertwig was also a passionate advocate for scientific education and outreach. He believed strongly in the importance of communicating scientific knowledge to the public, and worked tirelessly throughout his career to promote public interest in biology and related fields. Hertwig was a founding member of the German Society for Anthropology, Ethnology, and Prehistory, and was also involved in the establishment of several other scientific societies and organizations. He received numerous accolades and awards for his contributions to science, including the prestigious Order of Merit of the Prussian Crown. Today, Hertwig's legacy lives on through his many contributions to the study of embryology and genetics, and his tireless efforts to promote scientific education and outreach.

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Eduard von Martens

Eduard von Martens (April 18, 1831 Stuttgart-August 14, 1904 Berlin) a.k.a. Karl Eduard von Martens or Carl Eduard von Martens was a German zoologist.

He was best known for his work in marine invertebrates and freshwater mollusks. Martens collected specimens from all over the world during his lifetime and made significant contributions to the field of malacology, especially in the study of land snails. He also served as the director of the Zoological Museum in Berlin from 1879 until his retirement in 1902. Martens authored over 200 scientific papers and his extensive collection of specimens is now housed at the Museum of Natural History in Berlin. In addition to his scientific pursuits, Martens was a member of the Prussian House of Lords from 1896 until his death in 1904.

During his notable career, Eduard von Martens received numerous accolades and awards for his contributions to the field of zoology. He was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Martens was also a recipient of the Order of the Red Eagle and the Order of Saint Anna, among other honors. He cataloged many new species of freshwater snails, and the genus Martensia was named in his honor. Von Martens was known as a skilled and meticulous collector, and his work greatly advanced the understanding of the biodiversity of mollusks. He passed away on August 14, 1904, in Berlin, leaving behind a remarkable legacy in the scientific community.

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Christopher Clavius

Christopher Clavius (March 25, 1538 Bamberg-February 12, 1612 Rome) was a German mathematician.

He is best known for his work during the late 16th century on the Gregorian calendar reform. In addition to his work as a mathematician, Clavius was also a Jesuit priest who taught at the Collegio Romano in Rome. He authored several works on mathematics and astronomy, including a commentary on the works of Euclid and a treatise on the sundial. Clavius' significance in the scientific community was recognized during his lifetime, and he was awarded prestigious positions such as the presidency of the Commission for the Reform of the Calendar by Pope Gregory XIII. Today, he is remembered as one of the most influential mathematicians of his time and is celebrated for his contributions to the fields of astronomy and calendar reform.

Clavius was born into a family of modest means in Bamberg, Germany. He attended the University of Coimbra in Portugal where he studied mathematics, astronomy, and theology. After receiving his degree, he entered the Society of Jesus, a religious order known for its dedication to education and scholarship.

In 1579, Clavius moved to Rome where he became a professor of mathematics at the Collegio Romano. He quickly gained recognition for his teaching and scholarship, and he became one of the leading mathematicians of his time. He was a prolific writer, and his works on Euclid's geometry were widely regarded as some of the best of their kind.

However, Clavius is perhaps best known for his work on calendar reform. At the time, the Gregorian calendar was widely used, but it had a number of inaccuracies that caused problems with the timing of religious holidays. Clavius was instrumental in developing a new, more accurate calendar system that became known as the Gregorian calendar. This calendar is still in use today and is widely regarded as one of the most accurate and reliable calendar systems in history.

Clavius continued to work as a teacher and scholar until his death in 1612. He was remembered as a dedicated and brilliant mathematician, and his contributions to the fields of mathematics, astronomy, and calendar reform are still celebrated today.

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Franz Josef Strauss

Franz Josef Strauss (September 6, 1915 Munich-October 3, 1988 Regensburg) also known as Der Große Vorsitzende or Franz Strauß was a German politician. He had three children, Franz Georg Strauß, Monika Hohlmeier and Max Josef Strauß.

Strauss held multiple political positions throughout his career, including serving as the Minister President of Bavaria and the Federal Minister of Defense. He was a member of the Christian Social Union (CSU) and was known for his conservative policies and strong stance against communism. Strauss was also an advocate for the European Union and played a key role in Germany's economic and political development during the post-World War II era. In addition to his political career, he was also an avid pilot and had a love for aviation. His legacy continues to influence German politics as he is remembered as one of the most prominent and influential politicians of his time.

As the leader of the Christian Social Union, Strauss also played a significant role in shaping the political landscape of Bavaria. He supported traditional values such as family and religion, and was well respected by his constituents. Strauss also had a strong interest in science and technology, and was a proponent of nuclear power as a national energy source.

Despite his success, Strauss was not without controversy. He was implicated in a political scandal involving illegal arms sales to Iran in the 1980s, which damaged his reputation and overshadowed his achievements. However, he remains a respected figure in German politics and is remembered for his contributions to the country's growth and stability.

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Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist

Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist (August 8, 1881 Braunfels-November 13, 1954 Vladimir) was a German personality.

He served as a general during World War II, mostly on the Eastern Front. He initially fought in the Battle of France and North Africa. In early 1943, he became the commander of Army Group A and participated in the Battle of the Caucasus. He was later relieved of his command after his group suffered a heavy defeat at the Battle of Kursk. He was arrested by the Allies after the war and was sentenced to 10 years in prison for war crimes, but was released in 1952 due to poor health.

After his release from prison, von Kleist lived in relative obscurity until his death in Vladimir, Russia in 1954. He came from a family with a long military history and began his military career in 1900. During World War I, he served on the Western Front and was awarded the Pour le Mérite, the highest military honor in Germany at the time. He was a firm believer in the Nazi cause, joining the party in 1930 and the SS in 1933. Despite this, he was not involved in any war crimes personally but was held responsible for the actions of his men during the occupation of Poland and the Soviet Union. Von Kleist was known for his tactical skills and his ability to adapt quickly to changing situations on the battlefield.

Albrecht Kossel

Albrecht Kossel (September 16, 1853 Rostock-July 5, 1927 Heidelberg) was a German personality. He had one child, Walther Kossel.

Albrecht Kossel was a pioneering biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1910 for his work on the chemistry of nucleic acids, proteins, and cells. He identified the five basic components of nucleic acids, which later led to the discovery of the genetic code. Kossel was also the first scientist to isolate and identify the amino acid histidine. He made significant contributions to the study of protein metabolism and the chemistry of enzymes. Kossel served as a professor at several universities, including the University of Marburg and the University of Heidelberg, where he spent the majority of his career. He was also a member of the Royal Society and the National Academy of Sciences.

Kossel's work was groundbreaking and laid the foundation for many discoveries in the field of biochemistry. He was particularly interested in understanding the chemical composition of cells and how they functioned. As part of his research, he developed new techniques for isolating and analyzing proteins, nucleic acids, and other essential cellular components.

In addition to his scientific work, Kossel was also known for his dedication to teaching and mentoring young scientists. Many of his students went on to become successful researchers in their own right, and his influence can be seen in the work of countless biochemists and biologists around the world.

Kossel's legacy continues to inspire scientists today, and his contributions to the field of biochemistry have had a profound impact on our understanding of the fundamental processes that govern life.

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Abraham Calovius

Abraham Calovius (April 16, 1612 Morąg-February 25, 1686 Wittenberg) was a German personality.

He was a Lutheran theologian, who became well known for his complete edition of Martin Luther's writings, which totaled 24 volumes. Calovius was also a prolific writer himself, producing works on theology, philosophy, and history. He played an important role in the development of orthodox Lutheranism, which emphasized a strict adherence to traditional Lutheran doctrine. Calovius was also involved in the academic life of Wittenberg, serving as rector of the university and as provost of the Castle Church. His work had a significant impact on the theological debates of his time, and his writings continue to be studied by scholars today.

Calovius was born into a family of modest means, but he managed to secure an education at the University of Konigsberg thanks to the support of a local nobleman. After completing his studies, he worked as a pastor in various towns in Germany before settling in Wittenberg, where he spent the majority of his career. In addition to his theological work, Calovius was also involved in politics, serving as an advisor to the Electors of Saxony and as a member of the Wittenberg town council. Despite his many accomplishments, Calovius was known for his abrasive personality and his uncompromising stance on theological matters. He was often involved in bitter disputes with other theologians and scholars, including the philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Despite these controversies, however, Calovius remained a respected and influential figure in the world of theology until his death in 1686.

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Alfred Flatow

Alfred Flatow (October 3, 1869 Gdańsk-December 28, 1942 Theresienstadt concentration camp) was a German personality.

Alfred Flatow was a successful German gymnast who won four gold medals at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. He was known for his exceptional strength and technique on the parallel bars and still rings. In addition to his Olympic success, Flatow won several German national championships in gymnastics throughout his career.

Despite his accomplishments, Flatow was persecuted by the Nazi regime due to his Jewish ancestry. In 1942, he was deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp and was later murdered there. Flatow's legacy continues to be recognized in the world of gymnastics, and he remains an important figure in Olympic history.

In honor of Alfred Flatow's accomplishments, his four gold medals won at the 1896 Olympics were posthumously restored to him in 1997. A memorial plaque was also installed at the site of his former home in Berlin, and the gymnastics hall at the Olympic Training Center in Berlin is named after him. In addition, a street in Gdańsk, his birthplace, was named after him in 2017. Flatow's story is often cited as an example of the persecution faced by Jewish athletes during the Nazi regime, and his legacy serves as a reminder of the importance of recognizing and celebrating diversity in sports.

He died as a result of murder.

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Paul Ehrenberg

Paul Ehrenberg (April 5, 1876 Dresden-October 14, 1949 Hof) was a German personality.

He was a renowned German architect and a professor at the Technical University of Munich. Ehrenberg created some of Germany's most iconic modernist buildings during the Weimar Republic era. He was a member of a progressive group of architects known as the "November Group" which was conceptualized to promote modern architecture in Germany. He was also one of the founding members of the German Association of Architects (Deutscher Werkbund). Ehrenberg's most notable projects include the reconstruction of the Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie museum in Munich and the construction of the Siemensstadt housing estate in Berlin. His architectural style was a unique blend of modernism and individualism, making him one of the most influential architects of his time.

Ehrenberg's architectural vision was heavily influenced by his involvement in the German Werkbund, an organization that aimed to combine industrialization and design. He believed that architecture should be functional, feasible, and aesthetically pleasing. His works were characterized by the use of clean, geometric lines and bold forms that reflected the spirit of modernity. Ehrenberg played a vital role in shaping the identity of modern German architecture, and his legacy is still recognizable in the country's contemporary architectural landscape. He was also an advocate for social housing and urban planning, which he believed would improve the lives of the working class. Despite being hailed as a leading figure in the architectural world, Ehrenberg's career was cut short due to the rise of Nazism in Germany. He was ousted from his position at the university, and his works were banned from official exhibitions. However, his influence on modern German architecture remains significant to this day.

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