Pathetic Facts

German music stars who deceased at age 78

Here are 19 famous musicians from Germany died at 78:

Gustav Zeuner

Gustav Zeuner (November 30, 1828 Chemnitz-October 17, 1907 Dresden) was a German physicist, engineer and mechanical engineer.

He is known for his work in the field of thermodynamics and is considered to be one of the founders of thermodynamics in Germany. Zeuner studied mechanical engineering at the Polytechnical School in Dresden and later worked as a professor of mechanical engineering at the Technische Hochschule in Dresden. He was also a member of the Saxon Academy of Sciences and a founding member of the German Society for Mechanical Engineering. In his research, Zeuner explored the relationship between heat and mechanical work and made significant contributions to the development of steam engine technology. He published a number of influential papers and books, including "General Theories of Mechanics and Thermodynamics" and "Theoretical and Practical Steam Engine Design." Today, he is remembered as one of the pioneers of thermodynamics and a key figure in the development of engineering science in Germany.

In addition to his contributions in the field of thermodynamics, Gustav Zeuner also made important advancements in the field of engine design. He conducted extensive research on the subject and developed a number of innovative designs, including the Zeuner valve gear, which became widely used in steam engines. His work on engine design helped to improve the efficiency and reliability of steam engines, making them a more practical source of power for transportation and industry. Zeuner took a practical approach in his work that focused on solving real-world problems, and his ideas were widely adopted in the engineering community. His legacy continues to influence the field of mechanical engineering, and his contributions are still studied by scholars today.

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Franz Ludwig von Cancrin

Franz Ludwig von Cancrin (February 21, 1738-March 29, 1816 Staraya Russa) was a German scientist.

He was born in the region of Palatinate, Germany, and went on to study chemistry and mineralogy at the University of Göttingen. After graduating, he gained experience in mining and metallurgy in Saxony and Hungary. In 1770, he was invited to work in Russia by Catherine the Great.

In Russia, Cancrin held various positions and made significant contributions to the development of mining and metallurgy in the country. He introduced new methods and technologies, which led to higher production outputs and better quality products. He also contributed to the development of the Russian economic system and the creation of a national currency.

In addition to his work in science, Cancrin was a philanthropist and supporter of the arts. He funded the construction of a theater in Moscow and donated money to support artists and musicians.

Cancrin died in 1816 in Staraya Russa, where he had retired after a distinguished career in Russia. He is remembered as one of the most important scientists and thinkers of his time, and his impact on Russia's economic and cultural development continues to be felt today.

Cancrin's contributions to Russian scientific and economic development were recognized during his lifetime. He was named an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences and received the Order of St. Vladimir. His work on the national currency also resulted in his appointment as the first director of the Russian Imperial Mint. Cancrin's legacy includes several important publications, such as "Thoughts on the Russian Mining System" and "On the Coins of the Russian Empire." He also cultivated relationships with other notable figures of his time, including the chemist Antoine Lavoisier and the diplomat Johann von Goethe. Overall, Cancrin's innovative approaches and dedication to scientific progress helped shape Russia's industrial and economic future.

Immanuel Jakobovits, Baron Jakobovits

Immanuel Jakobovits, Baron Jakobovits (February 8, 1921 Königsberg-October 31, 1999 St John's Wood) a.k.a. Immanuel Jakobovits was a German rabbi.

He served as the Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the British Commonwealth from 1967 until 1991. During his tenure, he worked to revitalize Jewish communities, increase interfaith dialogue, and expand Jewish education. He was also a vocal advocate for human rights, particularly for Soviet Jewry, and served as a member of the British House of Lords from 1988. Baron Jakobovits was widely respected for his scholarship and wisdom, and left a lasting impact on the Jewish community in the UK and beyond.

He was born in Königsberg, Germany (now Kaliningrad, Russia) to a religious Jewish family. He studied at the University of Berlin and obtained his PhD from the University of London in 1957. His doctoral thesis was on the ethics of the Jewish philosopher Moses Mendelssohn. He was ordained as a rabbi in 1949 and served as the rabbi of the Fifth Avenue Synagogue in New York City before moving to the UK.

Baron Jakobovits was a prolific author and wrote on a wide range of topics including Jewish law, ethics, medical ethics, and Zionism. He was a strong supporter of the State of Israel and worked to strengthen ties between Israel and the global Jewish community. In 1981, he was awarded the Israel Prize, the country's highest honor, for his contributions to Jewish thought and education.

Throughout his life, Baron Jakobovits was devoted to promoting understanding and dialogue between different faiths. He met regularly with Christian, Muslim, and Hindu leaders, and was a member of the Council of Imams and Rabbis, which sought to improve relations between Jews and Muslims in the UK.

After his passing in 1999, he was widely mourned and remembered for his tireless work on behalf of the Jewish community and his unwavering commitment to human rights and interfaith understanding.

Ferdinand von Zeppelin

Ferdinand von Zeppelin (July 8, 1838 Konstanz-March 8, 1917 Berlin) was a German personality.

He is most famous for inventing and building the first rigid airship, which is commonly known as the Zeppelin. Before becoming an airship inventor, von Zeppelin served in the German military for more than 30 years, rising to the rank of general. He became interested in airships after a tour of the United States in 1863 where he observed the use of gas balloons during the American Civil War. Despite early failures, von Zeppelin persisted in developing his airship and eventually achieved great success with the Zeppelin LZ 1, which completed its maiden flight in July 1900. His airship designs became widely popular and were used for both civilian and military purposes. Von Zeppelin received many honors during his lifetime, including the title of Graf (Count), and his pioneering work in airship design paved the way for modern air travel.

Ferdinand von Zeppelin was born into a noble family and received a top-notch education at the Ludwigsburg Military Academy and the University of Tübingen. He began his military career in 1858 and served in the Austro-Prussian War and the Franco-Prussian War. After retiring from the military in 1891, von Zeppelin turned his attention to airship design and founded the Zeppelin Luftschiffbau company. His airships were used for both commercial and military purposes, with the German military extensively using them during World War I. Von Zeppelin also had a successful career in politics, serving as a member of the German Reichstag and as a representative of the Württemberg state parliament. He was married twice and had three children, one of whom died in an airship accident. Today, his invention is still celebrated, and modern airships borrow heavily from his designs.

Eduard von Grützner

Eduard von Grützner (May 26, 1846 Karłowice Wielkie-April 2, 1925 Munich) also known as Eduard von Grutzner was a German personality.

He was a painter and illustrator, known for his humorous and satirical works often depicting scenes from medieval times. Grützner was a student at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich and later became a professor there. He was a member of several art societies, including the Munich Secession and the Association of German Illustrators. Despite his success, Grützner was known for his humble personality and often declined invitations to exhibitions and events.

Grützner was born in the small village of Karłowice Wielkie in Silesia (now part of Poland). He showed an early interest in the arts and began studying at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich in 1867. During his time there, he was heavily influenced by the works of the old masters such as Rembrandt and Rubens.

After completing his studies, Grützner began exhibiting his works in Munich and quickly gained a reputation for his humorous and satirical paintings. His paintings often depicted scenes of drunken monks, bawdy taverns and other comical scenes from medieval times.

In 1890, Grützner was appointed a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich, a position he held until his retirement in 1919. He also continued to paint and exhibit throughout his career, gaining recognition and popularity throughout Europe and America.

Despite his success, Grützner was known for his modesty and humility. He was known to decline invitations to exhibitions and events, preferring to focus on his work. He died in Munich in 1925 at the age of 78, leaving behind a legacy as one of the great German painters of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

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Leo August Pochhammer

Leo August Pochhammer (August 25, 1841 Stendal-March 24, 1920 Kiel) was a German mathematician.

He began his academic career teaching mathematics at the University of Kiel in 1865 and was appointed a full professor in 1872. Pochhammer is primarily known for his work in the fields of algebra, analysis, and number theory. He invented Pochhammer symbols, which are used in the study of special functions, and also made significant contributions to the theory of differential equations. In addition to his research and teaching, Pochhammer was also a prolific author and wrote numerous books and articles on mathematics. He played an important role in the development of German mathematics in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and his work continues to be studied and admired by mathematicians today.

In 1878, Pochhammer became a member of the prestigious Leopoldina Academy, a society for the advancement of natural sciences based in Halle, Germany. He also served as a co-editor of the leading mathematical journal, Mathematische Annalen, along with Felix Klein and Paul Gordan. Pochhammer's contributions to mathematics were recognized with several honorary doctorates from universities across Europe, including the University of Rostock and the University of Oslo. In his later years, Pochhammer suffered from poor health and retired from teaching in 1913. He died in Kiel in 1920 at the age of 78. Pochhammer's legacy in mathematics is celebrated through the Pochhammer Medal, an award given by the German Mathematical Society to mathematicians for outstanding contributions in the fields of algebra, analysis, and number theory.

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Kenesaw Mountain Landis

Kenesaw Mountain Landis (November 20, 1866 Millville-November 25, 1944 Chicago) was a German commissioner of baseball and judge. His child is Reed G. Landis.

Kenesaw Mountain Landis is widely remembered for his role in shaping modern baseball. As a commissioner of baseball, Landis was known for his tough stance on gambling and his commitment to maintaining the integrity of the sport. During his tenure, Landis implemented strict rules against gambling, including a lifetime ban on several players, which is still in place today. He also helped to establish the reserve clause, which tied players to their teams and prevented them from becoming free agents.

Prior to his work with baseball, Landis was a prominent lawyer and judge. He served as a federal judge and was known for his strong stance against corruption, which earned him a reputation for being fair and unbiased. Landis received multiple appointments throughout his career, including being appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit by President Theodore Roosevelt.

Despite his work with baseball and in the legal field, Landis faced controversy throughout his career. He came under fire for his handling of the Black Sox Scandal, in which several members of the Chicago White Sox were accused of throwing the World Series. While some believed that Landis did not go far enough in punishing those involved, others felt that he went too far in his punishments.

Overall, Kenesaw Mountain Landis left a lasting impact on the sport of baseball and the legal profession. His legacy is one of firmness, toughness and an unwavering commitment to justice.

In addition to his work on baseball and in the legal field, Kenesaw Mountain Landis was also a veteran of the United States Army. He served as a captain during World War I and helped to organize and train troops. Landis was also known for his strict adherence to the rules and his insistence on fairness and equality. He was vocal in his support of civil rights for African Americans and other minority groups. Despite facing criticism for his actions during the Black Sox Scandal, Landis remained a respected figure in the world of baseball and beyond. After his death in 1944, Major League Baseball established the Kenesaw Mountain Landis Memorial Baseball Award in his honor, which is awarded annually to the most valuable player in each league.

Ernst Toepfer

Ernst Toepfer (June 4, 1877 Wiesbaden-August 6, 1955) was a German personality.

He was a businessman and philanthropist who founded the Toepfer Foundation, one of the largest private foundations in Germany. Toepfer was also a passionate art collector, and his collection included works by renowned artists such as Paul Klee, Wassily Kandinsky, and Lyonel Feininger. During World War II, Toepfer was involved in helping Jews escape persecution and later served as a member of the post-war German parliament. He is recognized as a hero for his humanitarian efforts and dedication to preserving culture and the arts.

Toepfer was born into a wealthy family, and he inherited his family's successful grain trading business. He expanded the business and diversified it into other areas such as real estate investment and shipping. Toepfer's entrepreneurial skills led to significant growth of the company and made him one of the wealthiest businessmen in Germany.

In addition to his business ventures, Toepfer was an avid collector of art, and he used his wealth to build a vast private collection. He was actively involved in the artistic and cultural scene in Germany, and he supported numerous arts and cultural organizations throughout his life.

Toepfer's humanitarian efforts during World War II were remarkable. He provided financial and logistical support to help Jews escape persecution, hiding them in his factories and safe houses. After the war, he was appointed to the German parliament and continued to work tirelessly to promote reconciliation and rebuilding efforts in Germany.

Today, the Toepfer Foundation continues to support cultural and social initiatives in Germany, and Toepfer's legacy as a businessman, art collector, and humanitarian lives on.

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Moritz Lazarus

Moritz Lazarus (September 15, 1824 Wieleń-April 13, 1903 Merano) was a German philosopher and psychologist.

He is known for his contributions to the development of psychological theory, specifically the concept of "psychic individuality" and the idea that each person's experiences are unique to them. Lazarus studied medicine in Berlin and eventually became a professor of philosophy at the University of Berlin. He also founded the journal "Zeitschrift für Völkerpsychologie und Sprachwissenschaft" which focused on the psychology of different cultures and languages. Lazarus was an influential figure in the Jewish community and was active in promoting Jewish cultural and social causes. He also had a close friendship with fellow philosopher, Friedrich Nietzsche.

Throughout his career, Moritz Lazarus published numerous works on psychology, philosophy, and anthropology. His major contributions to psychology include the development of the concept of "psychic individuality", which emphasizes that every individual has a unique psychological makeup that is shaped by their personal experiences. He believed that this concept was crucial in understanding human behavior and emotions. Lazarus also introduced the idea of "psychological determinism", which suggests that an individual's behavior is influenced by both internal and external factors.

Apart from his academic pursuits, Lazarus was an avid social reformer and advocate for Jewish causes. He was a member of the Jewish community in Berlin and played an active role in promoting social and cultural advancement for Jews throughout Europe. Lazarus also founded the Society for Jewish Culture and Science, which focused on advancing Jewish education and scholarship.

Lazarus's friendship with Friedrich Nietzsche was also significant, although they later had a falling out over differences in philosophical beliefs. Nietzsche's work influenced Lazarus's thinking on important psychological issues, and Lazarus's own work influenced Nietzsche's ideas on the will to power.

Moritz Lazarus's legacy continues to influence contemporary psychology and philosophy. He is remembered for his groundbreaking work on psychological individuality and the role of culture in shaping human experience. Additionally, he is recognized for his social activism and contributions to Jewish culture and scholarship.

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Heinz Günther

Heinz Günther (May 28, 1921 Cologne-October 2, 1999 Salzburg) also known as Heinz Konsalik, Konsalik, Heinz G. Konsalik or Heinz Günther Konsalik was a German novelist, writer and screenwriter.

Heinz Günther, who wrote under the pen name Heinz Konsalik, was a prolific author who published over 150 novels during his lifetime. His works were translated into more than thirty languages, including English, and sold millions of copies worldwide. He was especially known for his popular historical novels, war stories, and romance novels, often set in far-flung locations such as Africa, Asia, and South America. He also wrote screenplays for films and television series based on his novels. Heinz Günther was awarded several literary awards during his career, including the Theodor-Storm-Preis and the Goldene Feder der Münchner Abendzeitung. He lived in Salzburg, Austria, for many years before his death in 1999.

Heinz Günther was born in Cologne, Germany, in 1921. After completing his education, he was drafted into the German army during World War II, serving on both the Eastern and Western fronts. He was taken as a prisoner of war by the Soviet Union and held captive for several years before being released and returning to Germany. He began his career as a writer in 1953, and his first novel "Der Arzt von Stalingrad" (The Doctor of Stalingrad) became an instant bestseller.

Many of Heinz Günther's books were adapted into films and TV series, including "The Doctor of Stalingrad," "The Bridge at Remagen," and "The Horsemen." He was also a renowned playwright and wrote several successful plays during his career. He was known for his ability to tell gripping stories that were both entertaining and thought-provoking.

Heinz Günther was a deeply respected author, and his work continues to be celebrated today. Despite his popularity, he remained humble and dedicated to his craft throughout his life. He passed away in Salzburg, Austria, in 1999, leaving behind a rich legacy of literature that has touched millions of readers around the world.

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Alexander Rüstow

Alexander Rüstow (April 8, 1885 Wiesbaden-June 30, 1963 Heidelberg) also known as Alexander Rustow was a German writer and economist.

He is best known for being one of the pioneers of the German variation of neoliberalism, known as the Freiburg School. Rustow was a professor of economics at the University of Heidelberg and had a major influence on economic policy in post-World War II Germany. In addition to his work as an economist, Rustow was also a respected author and wrote on a wide range of topics including economics, politics, law, and philosophy. Rustow's writings and teachings had a profound impact on several generations of German intellectuals, and his influence is still felt today in the areas of market-oriented economic policy and political theory.

Rustow was born into a Jewish family and initially pursued a career in law, earning a doctorate in jurisprudence from the University of Heidelberg. However, he soon became interested in economics and began to study under Gustav von Schmoller at the University of Berlin. Rustow's intellectual pursuits were interrupted by World War I, during which he served in Germany's army.

After the war, Rustow resumed his academic career and became a professor of economics at the University of Heidelberg in 1922. Together with other scholars such as Walter Eucken and Franz Böhm, Rustow developed the ideas that would later form the basis of the Freiburg School. The school emphasized the importance of free markets, private property rights, and limited government intervention in the economy, and its ideas had a major influence on the economic policies of post-war Germany.

Rustow's contributions to economic thought were not limited to the Freiburg School, however. He also developed the concept of "soziale Marktwirtschaft," or social market economy, which was later adopted as the official economic policy of West Germany. Rustow believed that capitalism needed to be tempered with a social safety net in order to prevent the worst excesses of poverty and inequality.

In addition to his academic work, Rustow was also an accomplished author who wrote on a wide range of topics. His works include the influential book "Order and Change," which explores the relationship between economics and culture, and "Political Democracy and the Rule of Law," which advocated for a legal system that protects individual rights and limits government power.

Rustow remained an influential figure in German intellectual life until his death in 1963, and his ideas continue to be discussed and debated among scholars and policymakers today.

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Max Horkheimer

Max Horkheimer (February 14, 1895 Stuttgart-July 7, 1973 Nuremberg) was a German philosopher.

He was one of the key figures in the Frankfurt School of critical theory, known for his contributions to the fields of sociology, philosophy, and cultural criticism. Horkheimer's work focused on the intersection between culture, economics, and technology, exploring how these factors shape and influence society. He is best known for his co-authorship of "Dialectic of Enlightenment" with Theodor Adorno, a critique of modernity and its impact on humanity. In addition to his academic work, Horkheimer was also a political activist and played a role in the anti-fascist movement in Germany. He later emigrated to the United States, where he continued to write and teach until his death in 1973.

During his time in the United States, Horkheimer became a professor at Columbia University in New York City and worked as the director of the Institute for Social Research, which had relocated from Frankfurt to New York due to the rise of the Nazi party in Germany. Horkheimer's later works focused on the relationship between reason and power, as well as the role of the individual in contemporary society. He continued to be an important figure in critical theory, inspiring and shaping the intellectual direction of the Frankfurt School. Horkheimer's contributions to philosophy and cultural critique continue to impact these fields and shape contemporary thought.

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Maximilian, Crown Prince of Saxony

Maximilian, Crown Prince of Saxony (April 13, 1759 Dresden-January 3, 1838 Dresden) otherwise known as Maximilian, Prince of Saxony or Maximilian of Saxony was a German personality. His children are Frederick Augustus II of Saxony, John of Saxony, Princess Amalie of Saxony, Maria Josepha Amalia of Saxony, Princess Maria Anna of Saxony and Princess Maria Ferdinanda of Saxony.

Maximilian, Crown Prince of Saxony, was the eldest son of Elector Frederick Christian of Saxony and his consort Maria Antonia Walpurgis of Bavaria. He received a significant education, which included travel to several European courts. Maximilian's interests included art, music, and botany. In 1787, he married Princess Carolina of Parma, with whom he had six children. When his father died in 1763, he became the Elector of Saxony, and he served in this position until his own death. Maximilian also held a significant military career, taking part in several battles and attaining the rank of Field Marshal. He was known for his benevolent governance and patronage of the arts, supporting significant artistic projects that contributed to the flourishing of Saxony's cultural scene. After his death, his eldest son, Frederick Augustus II, ascended to the throne as King of Saxony.

Maximilian, Crown Prince of Saxony, was also a renowned philanthropist, and he donated generously to several charitable organizations. He supported the development of hospitals, schools, and homes for the elderly and disabled, and he was deeply interested in improving the lives of his subjects. He was also a lover of nature, and he established several botanical gardens in Saxony, which are still in operation today.

Beyond his many accomplishments, Maximilian was also known for his personal quirks and eccentricities. He was notorious for his love of food and drink, and he was said to have a hearty appetite for both. He was also fond of practical jokes, and he was known to play tricks on his friends and family members.

Overall, Maximilian, Crown Prince of Saxony, left a lasting legacy as a dedicated ruler, philanthropist, and patron of the arts. His contributions to the cultural and social life of Saxony continue to be celebrated to this day.

Felix Hoffmann

Felix Hoffmann (January 21, 1868 Ludwigsburg-February 8, 1946 Switzerland) was a German chemist.

He is best known for his discovery of aspirin, a widely used medication that provides relief from pain, reduces inflammation, and lowers fever.

Hoffmann started his career working for the chemical company Friedrich Bayer & Co. in Elberfeld. He was initially tasked with synthesizing new dyes, but later shifted his focus to investigating the medicinal properties of chemical compounds.

In 1897, Hoffmann discovered the synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid, which he tested on his father who suffered from arthritis. The successful results led to the development of aspirin, which became one of the most popular and widely used drugs worldwide.

Hoffmann's other notable contributions include the synthesis of heroin, which was initially marketed as a cough suppressant, and the development of a process for synthesizing pyrazolones, which are used as painkillers and antipyretics.

Despite his significant achievements, Hoffmann remained humble and devoted to his research. He retired from Bayer in 1928 and spent the rest of his life working as a consultant for the company.

In addition to his work in chemistry, Felix Hoffmann was an avid collector of rare books and manuscripts. He amassed a vast collection of over 10,000 items, including ancient Egyptian papyri, medieval manuscripts, and rare books on chemistry and medicine. Hoffmann was also a skilled pianist, and often played for friends and colleagues in his free time.

Hoffmann's legacy in the field of medicine is still felt today, as aspirin remains one of the most widely used drugs in the world. His contributions to the development of painkillers and antipyretics also paved the way for the creation of other important drugs, such as ibuprofen and naproxen.

Despite his success and influence in the field, Hoffmann remained a humble and dedicated scientist throughout his life. He once said, "One must never forget that science is a human enterprise, and that it is only by working together, sharing ideas and collaborating with others that we can hope to make progress in any field."

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Ernst Deutsch

Ernst Deutsch (September 16, 1890 Prague-March 22, 1969 Berlin) also known as Ernest Dorian or Ernst Dorian was a German actor.

Deutsch began his career as a stage actor and later transitioned to film in the 1920s. He was known for his versatile acting abilities, particularly in portraying complex and tortured characters. One of his most notable film roles was in the 1931 German film "The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari," in which he played the character of Francis. He also appeared in several Hollywood films, including "The Third Man" (1949) alongside Orson Welles. Deutsch was of Jewish descent, and his career was adversely affected by the rise of Nazi Germany. He eventually fled to Vienna before settling in the UK in 1938. After the war, he returned to Germany and continued his acting endeavors until his death in 1969.

Deutsch was recognized for his contributions to the arts with several awards and honors throughout his career. In 1953, he received the National Prize of East Germany for his outstanding work in the film industry. He was also awarded the prestigious Order of Merit of Berlin in 1964. Deutsch was married twice and had a son, Peter Deutsch, who also became an actor. In addition to his acting career, he was a prolific writer and translator, and wrote several essays and plays throughout his life. He translated many works from English to German, including the works of William Shakespeare and George Bernard Shaw. Deutsch was widely regarded as one of the most talented actors of his generation and left an indelible mark on the film and theatre industries.

He died in myocardial infarction.

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Jeanette Wohl

Jeanette Wohl (October 16, 1783 Frankfurt-November 27, 1861 Paris) was a German writer.

During her lifetime, Jeanette Wohl was known for her exceptional intellect and passion for knowledge. She received an education in a variety of subjects, including history, philosophy, and literature. In her writing, she often explored themes such as morality, religion, and the role of women in society. Wohl's works were highly regarded in literary circles, and she counted many prominent writers and thinkers among her friends and acquaintances. Though she faced many challenges as a woman in a male-dominated field, she persisted in her career and left a lasting legacy as one of the most important writers of her time.

Additionally, Jeanette Wohl was a strong advocate for women's rights and education. She believed that every woman should have access to the same type of education that men have. This was a radical idea during her time, but Jeanette Wohl was not afraid to speak her mind and fight for what she believed in. She also used her platform as a writer to promote social and political reform. Later in life, Jeanette Wohl moved to Paris where she continued to write and participate in intellectual circles until her death. Her contributions to literature and advocacy for women's rights continue to inspire people around the world today.

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Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg

Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg (June 30, 1641 Cologne-July 5, 1719 RAF Uxbridge) was a German personality.

He was a military general and statesman who played a significant role in the Williamite War in Ireland, as well as in the Nine Years' War and the War of the Spanish Succession. Schomberg lived a life of military service, having participated in numerous battles in different countries. He served as a commander in the armies of several countries, including France, Germany, Portugal, and England. In 1689, he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Williamite forces in Ireland and played a key role in the Battle of the Boyne, which was a decisive victory for William III of England. Schomberg was also instrumental in the Siege of Carrickfergus, where he successfully defended the city from a Jacobite assault. After his success in Ireland, he returned to England and served as Master-General of the Ordnance from 1690 until 1695. He was later made a Duke by King William III in recognition of his contributions to the military.

Schomberg was born into a Protestant family in Cologne, but later immigrated to England, where he became a naturalized British subject. He had a reputation as a skilled and experienced military commander and was highly regarded by his contemporaries. During his time as a soldier, Schomberg was known for his leadership abilities and strategic thinking, which helped him to win many battles. In addition to his military career, Schomberg was also a statesman and diplomat. He had good relations with many European leaders, including the Dutch, English, French, and Portuguese. Despite his success, Schomberg faced many challenges throughout his life, including financial difficulties and personal losses. He died at the age of 78 and was buried at St. Anne's Church in Soho, London. Today, Schomberg is remembered as a brave and skilled commander who played a significant role in several major wars and conflicts of his time.

Nelly Sachs

Nelly Sachs (December 10, 1891 Schöneberg-May 12, 1970 Stockholm) was a German writer, poet and playwright.

She was born to a wealthy Jewish family and began writing poetry as a young girl. When the Nazis came to power in Germany, Sachs and her mother were forced to flee and seek asylum in Sweden, where they spent the rest of their lives.

Sachs became known for her haunting poetry that explored the horrors of the Holocaust and the experiences of the Jewish people. Her work often drew from her own traumatic experiences and psychological struggles.

In 1966, Sachs was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, becoming the first Swedish woman to receive the honor. She continued writing until her death in 1970, leaving behind a powerful legacy and body of work that spoke to the resilience and endurance of the human spirit.

In addition to her poetry, Nelly Sachs also wrote plays, and her most famous work, "Eli: Ein Mysterienspiel vom Leiden Israels" ("Eli: A Mystery Play of the Sufferings of Israel"), was first performed in Stockholm in 1950. The play was a reimagining of the story of Eli, the high priest of Israel, and explored themes of suffering, redemption, and the struggle for faith in the face of adversity.

Throughout her life, Sachs struggled with mental illness, which was exacerbated by her traumatic experiences during the Holocaust. Nevertheless, she was a committed activist for peace and understanding, and used her platform as a writer to advocate for the importance of human empathy and compassion.

Today, Nelly Sachs is remembered as one of the most important and influential writers and poets of the 20th century, whose work continues to inspire readers and writers around the world.

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Arnold Ruge

Arnold Ruge (September 13, 1802 Bergen auf Rügen-December 31, 1880 Brighton) was a German philosopher and writer.

He is known for his involvement in the Young Hegelians intellectual group, which included figures such as Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Ruge edited the radical journal "Deutsch–Französische Jahrbücher" with Marx in Paris between 1843-1844, and wrote several books including "Die Hegelsche Philosophie: Eine Verteidigung" ("Hegelian Philosophy: A Defense"), and "Römische Briefe" ("Roman Letters"). Later in life, he spent time in exile in Switzerland and England due to his political views.

Ruge's father was a Lutheran pastor and he was initially sent to study theology, but he soon shifted his focus to philosophy. He studied at the University of Berlin and later taught at the Universities of Tübingen and Heidelberg.

Ruge was a prolific writer and a vocal critic of the Prussian monarchy and the German Confederation. His writings often addressed issues such as religious freedom and personal liberties. He also advocated for a united Germany and the establishment of a republic.

In 1849, Ruge was one of the members of the Frankfurt Parliament that unsuccessfully attempted to create a unified German state. After the failure of the revolution, he went into exile in Switzerland and later moved to England, where he wrote for various newspapers and translated works of English writers such as William Shakespeare and Lord Byron into German.

Despite his contributions to the Young Hegelians group, Ruge's reputation as a thinker and writer faded in later years. However, his legacy lives on as a pioneering figure in the intellectual and political landscape of 19th century Germany.

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