Polish movie actors born in the year 1944
Here are 8 famous actors from Poland were born in 1944:
Maciej Damięcki
Maciej Damięcki (January 11, 1944 Podszkodzie-) also known as Mateusz Górski or Maciej Damiecki is a Polish actor. He has two children, Mateusz Damięcki and Matylda Damięcka.
Maciej Damięcki began his acting career in the mid-1960s and has since appeared in numerous film and television productions. He is known for his roles in popular Polish films such as "Krótki film o miłości" (A Short Film About Love) and "Panny i wdowy" (Maidens and Widows).
Aside from his work in film and television, Damięcki is also a stage actor and has performed in numerous theater productions. He has received several awards for his contributions to Polish theater, including the prestigious award for Best Actor at the Theatre Confrontations festival in Lublin.
In addition to his acting career, Damięcki is a devoted environmentalist and has been actively involved in promoting ecological causes in Poland. He is also the co-founder of the Polish Green Network, a nonprofit organization dedicated to promoting sustainable development and environmental protection in Poland.
Overall, Maciej Damięcki is a highly respected figure in Polish culture, known for his contributions to both the arts and environmental advocacy.
Maciej Damięcki's passion for acting started in high school, where he performed in school plays. After graduating, he started studying acting at the Academy of Dramatic Arts in Krakow. During his studies, he participated in various theater productions and even received an award for his acting in the play "Dziady" (Forefathers' Eve).
Following his graduation in 1966, Damięcki quickly made a name for himself in the Polish film industry. He starred in several successful films during the 1970s and 1980s, including "Czterdziestolatek" (The Forties), a popular TV series that ran for several seasons.
Damięcki's work in theater has been equally impressive. He has played leading roles in many classic plays, including "Hamlet", "Faust", and "Don Carlos", among others.
Apart from his professional accomplishments, Damięcki is also known for his philanthropic work. He has been involved in various charitable organizations throughout his career and has frequently used his platform to raise awareness about important issues.
In recognition of his contributions to Polish culture, Maciej Damięcki was awarded the prestigious Order of Polonia Restituta in 2014. Today, he continues to be an important figure in the Polish arts scene, both on and off the screen.
Maciej Damięcki's career has spanned over five decades and he has appeared in over 100 films and television productions. He has worked with some of Poland's most renowned directors and actors such as Krzysztof Kieślowski and Jerzy Stuhr. His performance in "Krótki film o miłości" earned him critical acclaim both nationally and internationally. Additionally, Damięcki has served as a jury member for various film festivals.
Aside from his acting and environmental advocacy work, Damięcki has also tried his hand at writing. He has authored two books, "Gdzie ta woda" (Where Is the Water) and "Pigwa i jabłka" (Quinces and Apples), both of which have received positive reviews.
In his personal life, Damięcki is known for his humility and down-to-earth personality. He maintains a low profile despite his fame and has been praised for his commitment to family values.
Overall, Maciej Damięcki is considered one of Poland's greatest actors, and his legacy in the country's film and theater industry remains strong.
In addition to his successful acting and writing careers, Maciej Damięcki is also a well-respected voice actor. He has lent his voice to numerous films, television shows, and video games, including the Polish dub of the popular animated movie "Shrek" (where he voiced the character of Donkey) and the Polish version of the video game "The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt" (where he provided the voice for the character Vesemir). Damięcki is highly regarded in the Polish voice acting community and his contributions have helped bring many beloved characters to life for Polish audiences.
Mikolaj Muller
Mikolaj Muller (July 22, 1944 Zwickau-) is a Polish actor and puppeteer.
He was born in Germany to Polish parents who had migrated there during World War II. In 1945, the family returned to Poland where Muller spent his childhood in Lublin.
Muller initially trained as a puppeteer and performed with the Białystok Puppet Theater before turning to acting. He has since appeared in numerous film, television, and theater productions including Krzysztof Kieślowski's "A Short Film About Love" and "Three Colors: Red".
In addition to acting, Muller has also directed and written scripts for theater productions. He has received various awards throughout his career, including the prestigious Order of Polonia Restituta. Muller is known for his versatility as an actor and for his creative achievements in the field of puppetry.
Mikolaj Muller's interest in theater and the arts was sparked at a young age, and he went on to attend the Ludwik Solski Academy for the Dramatic Arts in Krakow. He graduated in 1967 and made his acting debut in the film "The End of the Holiday" the same year. Muller's work in theater and film spans several decades, and he is widely regarded as one of the most talented and respected actors in Poland. He has also performed internationally, touring with productions in Germany, France, and the United States. Muller has been honored with several lifetime achievement awards, including the Grand Prix at the Wroclaw Theater Meetings in 2017. In addition to his work as an actor and puppeteer, Muller is also an accomplished painter and has exhibited his works in galleries throughout Poland. He continues to work in theater and film, and his contributions to Polish culture have made him a beloved figure in the country's artistic community.
Muller's talents extend beyond acting, directing, and writing. He is also a gifted singer and musician, having played the guitar and sang in several productions throughout his career. He has recorded a few albums, collaborating with other musicians and composers to create original music. Muller is also a passionate advocate for the preservation of Polish cultural heritage and has been involved in various initiatives aimed at promoting traditional art forms and folk culture. In 1990, he founded the Mikolaj Muller Foundation, which supports young artists and promotes cultural exchange between Poland and other countries. Muller's dedication to the arts has earned him the respect and admiration of his peers and audiences alike, and his legacy continues to inspire generations of artists in Poland and beyond.
Mikolaj Muller's love for puppetry and theater started at a young age, with his parents often taking him to performances and encouraging his creativity. His passion for traditional forms of art led him to study at the State Higher School of Music and Fine Arts in Groningen, Netherlands, where he specialized in puppetry and puppet theater. After completing his studies, Muller returned to Poland and joined the Białystok Puppet Theater, where he worked for several years before transitioning to acting.
Throughout his career, Muller has received critical acclaim for his performances in a wide range of roles, from complex dramatic characters to comedic roles. He has also directed and written scripts for numerous theater productions, including adaptations of classic works and original plays. Muller's creativity extends beyond the stage, as he has also written several books and essays on puppetry and theater, which have been published in Poland and internationally.
In addition to his professional work, Muller has also been actively involved in social and political causes, using his voice to advocate for human rights and peace. He has supported initiatives aimed at fighting discrimination and promoting dialogue between different cultures and communities. Muller's commitment to social justice has been recognized with several awards, including the Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta, one of the highest honors awarded by the Polish government.
Despite his many accomplishments, Muller remains humble and dedicated to his craft. He continues to work on new productions and collaborations, always seeking to push the boundaries of what is possible in the world of theater and art. With his talent, creativity, and passion for cultural heritage, Mikolaj Muller has left an indelible mark on the world of Polish theater and will continue to inspire generations of artists for years to come.
Michal Grudzinski
Michal Grudzinski (February 8, 1944 Warsaw-) is a Polish actor.
He graduated from the Aleksander Zelwerowicz National Academy of Dramatic Art in Warsaw in 1967. Grudzinski is known for his roles in various movies and television series, including "Tato" (Daddy), "Stawiam na Tolka Banana" (I Bet on Tolka Banana), and "Zmiennicy" (Changelings). He has also appeared in several stage productions throughout his career. In addition to acting, Grudzinski has also worked as a voice actor, dubbing foreign films and TV shows into Polish. He has received numerous awards for his contributions to the arts in Poland, including the Silver Cross of Merit and the Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta.
Grudzinski began his acting career in the 1960s, and quickly made a name for himself in the Polish theater scene. In the early years of his career, he performed at the State Jewish Theater, Stary Theater in Krakow, and the National Theater in Warsaw. His talents were soon recognized by filmmakers, and he began appearing in movies in the early 1970s.
One of Grudzinski's most memorable roles was in the 1980s comedy series "Zmiennicy," where he played the character of Ryszard Ochodzki. The show was a huge success and is still fondly remembered by viewers in Poland today.
In addition to his acting work, Grudzinski has also been a vocal advocate for the arts in Poland, and has spoken out about the importance of preserving and promoting Polish culture. He has served on the jury for several film and theater festivals, including the Krakow Film Festival and the Gdynia Film Festival.
Despite his many accomplishments, Grudzinski has remained humble and dedicated to his craft. He continues to work as an actor and voice actor today, and is considered one of the most respected and talented figures in Polish entertainment.
In 2003, Michal Grudzinski received the Award for Artistic and Cultural Achievements from the President of the Republic of Poland. He was also awarded the Gold Medal for Merit to Culture - Gloria Artis in 2018. Grudzinski has worked with some of the most influential directors in Polish cinema, including Andrzej Wajda, Krzysztof Kieslowski, and Agnieszka Holland. His performances have been praised for their depth and emotional range, and he is often credited with bringing an authenticity and sincerity to his roles that has endeared him to audiences for decades. In his personal life, Grudzinski is known for his love of music and sports, and has been an avid fan of soccer and basketball for many years. Despite his busy schedule, he has also devoted time to charitable causes, including work with organizations that support children's health and welfare.
Throughout his career, Grudzinski has been recognized for his contributions to Polish culture and the arts. He has received numerous awards and honors, including the Order of Polonia Restituta, one of the highest honors that can be bestowed upon a civilian in Poland. In addition to his acting and advocacy work, Grudzinski has also been a dedicated mentor to younger actors, and has worked to inspire and support a new generation of talent in Poland. Through his work and his dedication to the arts, Michal Grudzinski has become an icon in Polish entertainment, and his contributions to the country's cultural heritage will continue to be remembered and celebrated for years to come.
Aleksander Ford
Aleksander Ford (October 8, 1944 Warsaw-October 7, 2012 Łódź) a.k.a. Aleksander R. Ford or Aleksander Ford junior was a Polish actor.
In addition to his work as an actor, Aleksander Ford was also a director, screenwriter, and theater director. He was a prolific filmmaker, having directed over 30 films during his career, including the internationally acclaimed "Krzyżacy" (Knights of the Teutonic Order). Throughout his career, he received numerous awards and honors for his contributions to Polish film and theater, including the prestigious Order of Polonia Restituta. Outside of his work in entertainment, Ford was also a dedicated activist for social and political causes, including human rights and environmental protection.
He was born Aleksander Fajkowski and later changed his name to Aleksander Ford after his father, who also went by that name. As a child, he survived the Warsaw Ghetto during World War II and later became involved in the Polish film industry. He was a member of the Polish Film School, which was known for its focus on social realism and political commentary in film. Ford's own films often dealt with important historical events and figures, such as the Battle of Grunwald and the life of Janusz Korczak. He was also a professor at the National Film School in Łódź, where he taught directing and screenwriting. Despite his successful career, Ford faced political persecution and censorship under Poland's communist government. He passed away in 2012 at the age of 67.
Some additional information about Aleksander Ford:
- After the war, Ford studied at the Lodz Film School (now the National Film School in Lodz), where he graduated in 1964. While studying, he acted in several student films and also directed his own short films. - His directorial debut was the 1958 film "Piątka z ulicy Barskiej" (Five Boys from Barska Street), but he gained international recognition with his second film, "Krzyżacy" (Knights of the Teutonic Order), which won the Silver Bear award at the 1960 Berlin International Film Festival. - Ford's later films include "Grunwald" (1960), "Zezowate szczęście" (Bad Luck, 1960), "Kwiecień" (April, 1961), "Magnat" (The Magnate, 1976), "Śmierć prezydenta" (Death of a President, 1977), and "Cicha noc" (Silent Night, 1991). - In addition to his work in film, Ford also directed several plays, including productions at the Polish Theater in Warsaw and the Powszechny Theater in Lodz. He also wrote screenplays for other directors, such as Andrzej Wajda and Krzysztof Zanussi. - Ford was married four times and had several children. His son, Tomasz Ford, is a film director and screenwriter.
- Despite his success and recognition as a filmmaker, Aleksander Ford faced censorship and persecution by the communist government of Poland throughout his career. His films were often censored or banned due to their political and social commentary. However, he continued to make films that addressed important issues, such as historical events and human rights abuses. His film "Gdzie jest generał?" (Where is the General?) was banned for several years before its eventual release in 1965. - In addition to his activism, Ford was also known for his love of nature and concern for the environment. He was a dedicated conservationist and worked to protect endangered species and habitats. - In 2005, Ford was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award by the Polish Film Institute for his contributions to Polish cinema. He is remembered as an important figure in Polish filmmaking and a brave voice for social justice and human rights.
Jan Peszek
Jan Peszek (February 13, 1944 Szreńsk-) is a Polish actor and theatre director. He has two children, Maria Peszek and Błażej Peszek.
Throughout his career, Jan Peszek has appeared in numerous Polish films, TV series, and plays, establishing himself as one of the most prominent actors in Poland. He is particularly known for his roles in "The Decalogue" and "Pan Tadeusz", both of which are considered classics of Polish cinema. In addition to his work in film and theatre, Peszek is also a noted political activist and was involved in the anti-communist movement in Poland during the 1980s. He has received many awards and honors for his contributions to Polish culture and society, including the Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta and the Gloria Artis Gold Medal for Merit to Culture.
Jan Peszek was born in Szrensk, Poland on February 13, 1944. He studied acting at the Aleksander Zelwerowicz State Theatre Academy in Warsaw, graduating in 1966. Peszek's acting career began at the Teatr Polski in Warsaw, where he performed in a variety of plays. He then went on to work with other prominent theatre companies, such as the Teatr Powszechny and the Teatr Wspolczesny, before eventually becoming a director himself.
Aside from his work in film and television, Peszek is well-known for his stage performances, particularly in productions of plays by notable Polish playwrights such as Tadeusz Różewicz and Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz. He has also directed a number of plays, including "Makbet", which was staged at the National Theatre in Warsaw in 1990.
In addition to his acting and directing work, Peszek is also a noted political activist. He was a key participant in the Solidarity movement, which played a pivotal role in the collapse of communism in Poland in 1989. He has remained involved in political causes throughout his career, supporting progressive causes such as LGBT rights and environmental conservation.
Over the course of his career, Peszek has received numerous awards and honors for his contributions to Polish culture and society. These include the Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta in 2012, and the Gloria Artis Gold Medal for Merit to Culture in 2016. Despite his many accolades, Peszek remains dedicated to his craft, continuing to act in films and perform in plays.
Jan Peszek's acting career spans over five decades, with his first film role dating back to 1968. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, he appeared in a number of notable Polish films, including "The Hourglass Sanatorium" and "Without Anesthesia". However, it was his roles in Krzysztof Kieślowski's iconic television series "The Decalogue" and Andrzej Wajda's epic film "Pan Tadeusz" which helped establish Peszek as one of Poland's most beloved actors.
In addition to his film and theatre work, Peszek has also made appearances in Polish television series, such as "Stawka większa niż życie" and "Czterdziestolatek". He has also lent his voice to a number of animated films, including "The Little Mermaid" and "Shrek 2" in Polish dubbed versions.
Despite his age, Peszek shows no signs of slowing down, and continues to take on new acting challenges. In recent years, he has appeared in major Polish television dramas, such as "Blondynka" and "Na dobre i na złe". In 2018, Peszek's contributions to Polish culture were recognized with a prestigious Orzeł (Eagle) Award, which honors the country's top film achievements.
Outside of his acting, Peszek has also been an active supporter of various social causes. He has been a vocal advocate for ecological sustainability, and served as a member of the National Council of the Green Party in the early 2000s. Additionally, Peszek has been an active participant in the Polish LGBTQ+ rights movement, taking part in the annual Equality March in Warsaw.
Jan Peszek's family had a significant impact on his interest in the arts. His father, Jan August Peszek, was a conductor, while his mother, Wiktoria Krystyna, was a singer. Growing up, he was exposed to music and theatre, which sparked his passion for the arts. As a young man, Peszek was also interested in sports, particularly football, and played for several local teams. However, his love for acting ultimately won out, and he pursued a career in the theatre and film industry.After graduating from the Aleksander Zelwerowicz State Theatre Academy in Warsaw, Peszek began honing his craft as an actor, performing in a variety of productions. Over time, he became more interested in directing as well, and began to take on more responsibilities in that area. Throughout his career, Peszek has emphasized the importance of theatre as a tool for social change, and has been involved in many political causes. He believes that culture can play a crucial role in shaping society, and has used his platform to speak out on issues such as environmental sustainability and equal rights.
Jörg Panknin
Jörg Panknin (November 8, 1944 Resko-) is a Polish actor.
He is known for his work in film, theatre, and television. Panknin began his acting career in the 1960s, appearing in various Polish film and theatre productions. He gained recognition for his performances in acclaimed films such as "Night Train" and "The Promised Land". Panknin has been awarded numerous accolades for his contributions to the Polish film and theatre industry, including the Gold Cross of Merit and the Order of Polonia Restituta. In addition to his work as an actor, Panknin is also known for his activism and involvement in politics. He has served as a member of the Polish Senate and has been a vocal advocate for human rights and democracy.
Panknin was born in Resko, a small town in western Poland. He graduated from the State Higher School of Theatre in Krakow in the early 1960s and then began his career in film and theatre. Panknin quickly gained recognition for his talent and versatility, and he soon became one of the most sought-after actors in Poland.
Throughout his career, Panknin has worked with some of the most prominent figures in Polish theatre and film. He has collaborated with renowned directors such as Jerzy Kawalerowicz and Agnieszka Holland, and has starred in productions that have been widely recognized and awarded for their artistic merit.
In addition to his work as an actor, Panknin has been involved in numerous political and social causes. He has been an advocate for human rights and democracy, and has been actively involved in efforts to promote environmental sustainability and protect Poland's natural resources.
Panknin has received numerous awards and honors for his contributions to the arts and to Polish society. In addition to the Gold Cross of Merit and the Order of Polonia Restituta, he has been awarded the Silver Medal for Merit to Culture, the Gloria Artis Medal, and the European Film Award for Best Actor.
Despite his many accomplishments, Panknin remains humble and committed to his craft. He continues to work as an actor and to be involved in social and political causes that he believes in. His legacy as one of Poland's most talented and respected actors is sure to endure for many years to come.
In recent years, Jörg Panknin has also dedicated much of his time to teaching and mentoring the next generation of Polish actors. He has worked as a professor at the National Academy of Theatre Arts in Krakow and has served as a mentor for aspiring actors in various projects and workshops throughout the country. Panknin's contributions to the education and training of young actors have been widely recognized, with many citing his passion and dedication as an inspiration.
In addition to his work in Poland, Panknin has also made a name for himself on the international stage. He has appeared in numerous international film and television productions, including the German crime drama "Tatort" and the British-Dutch historical drama "The Promise". Panknin's performances in international productions have further cemented his reputation as one of Europe's most talented and versatile actors.
Despite his extensive resume and international recognition, Panknin remains fiercely dedicated to his Polish heritage and culture. He has spoken out against the homogenization of world culture and has advocated for the preservation of Poland's unique traditions and identity. Panknin's passion for his country and his craft has made him a beloved figure in Poland and an inspiration to actors and artists around the world.
In addition to his acting and activism, Jörg Panknin is also a prolific writer. He has published several books, including collections of poetry and essays on politics and culture. His writing explores a variety of themes, from personal reflections on his life and career to broader social and political issues. Panknin's writing has been widely praised for its honesty and insight, and he has been awarded several literary prizes for his work.
Outside of his professional endeavors, Panknin is known for his love of nature and the outdoors. He is an avid hiker and has climbed several of Poland's highest mountains. He is also a supporter of ecological initiatives and has been involved in campaigns to protect endangered species and their habitats.
Throughout his long and distinguished career, Jörg Panknin has remained committed to his values and principles. His passion for the arts, his dedication to social causes, and his unwavering commitment to his homeland have made him a true icon of Polish culture. His work has inspired generations of actors, writers, and activists, and his legacy will continue to be felt for many years to come.
Feliks Szajnert
Feliks Szajnert (November 5, 1944 Charsk-) is a Polish actor.
He graduated from the Aleksander Zelwerowicz State Theatre Academy in Warsaw. He made his theater debut in 1965 and has since appeared in numerous productions at theaters in Warsaw and other cities throughout Poland. Szajnert is also known for his work in film and television, with over 50 credits to his name. Some of his notable roles include appearances in "Man of Iron" (1981), "Vabank" (1981), and "Reflections" (1976). Szajnert is a recipient of many awards and honors, including the Order of Polonia Restituta and the Gloria Artis Gold Medal for Cultural Merit.
In addition to his successful acting career, Szajnert is also known as a voice actor and has done voice-over work for several documentaries and animated projects. He has also served as a lecturer at the Academy of Film and Television in Warsaw. In 2016, Szajnert released his autobiography "The Actor's Way", which chronicles his life and career in theater, film, and television. He remains an active member of the Polish acting community and continues to inspire aspiring actors with his work and advice.
Feliks Szajnert is also known for his contributions to Polish political and social activism. During the Solidarity movement in the 1980s, he was arrested and imprisoned for his involvement in peaceful protests against the communist government. Despite facing persecution and censorship, Szajnert continued to use his platform as an actor to support democratic and civil society initiatives. He has been a strong advocate for human rights, tolerance, and artistic freedom throughout his career. Szajnert is also a proud supporter of the LGBT community in Poland and has spoken out against discrimination and prejudice. He has been honored with several awards for his social and political engagement, including the Medal for Merit to Culture - Gloria Artis and the Solidarity Medal. In recent years, Szajnert has become a symbol of resistance and courage for many people in Poland and beyond.
In addition to his various accolades and accomplishments, Feliks Szajnert has also been involved in several international projects. He worked with the famous French director Claude Lelouch on the films "Les Uns et les Autres" (1981) and "Les Misérables" (1995), and with the American director Michael Cimino on "The Year of the Dragon" (1985). Szajnert also appeared in the German TV series "The Old Fox" (1998) and the Russian film "Hipsters" (2008).
Apart from his acting career, Szajnert is also passionate about music and is an accomplished guitarist. He has performed in several musical theater productions and even released an album of his own compositions in 2006 titled "In the Name of Love".
Szajnert's contribution to Polish culture and society has been immense and his legacy continues to inspire many. He has been praised for his talent, dedication, and commitment to social justice and artistic expression. In recognition of his contributions, Szajnert was awarded the prestigious Cross of Freedom and Solidarity in 2018.
Wolf-Dietrich Berg
Wolf-Dietrich Berg (May 17, 1944 Gdańsk-January 26, 2004 Hamburg) otherwise known as Wolf-D. Berg, Wolf Dietrich Berg, Wolf D. Berg, W.D. Berg, W.-D. Berg or W. D. Berg was a Polish actor.
Born in Gdańsk, Poland, Wolf-Dietrich Berg began his acting career in German theater, studying at the Otto Falckenberg School of Performing Arts in Munich. He made his film debut in 1967 and went on to appear in numerous films and TV shows throughout his career. Some of his notable film credits include "The Boat" (1981), "The Name of the Rose" (1986), and "Knockin' on Heaven's Door" (1997). Berg was also a prolific voice actor, lending his voice to numerous German dubs of popular films and TV shows. In addition to his acting career, he was known for his work as a stage director and theater educator. Berg passed away in 2004 at the age of 59 in Hamburg, Germany.
Throughout his career, Wolf-Dietrich Berg was recognized for his acting talent and received several accolades. He won the Bavarian Film Award for Best Actor in 1982 for his role in "Das Boot" (The Boat). Additionally, he was nominated for the German Film Award for Best Supporting Actor in 1987 for his role in "Der Name der Rose" (The Name of the Rose). Berg was also passionate about teaching and was a professor of acting at the University of Music and Performing Arts in Hamburg.
He also taught at the Institute for Applied Theatre Studies in Giessen and the Otto Falckenberg School of Performing Arts in Munich. Berg was known for his innovative and insightful teaching methods and was highly respected in the theater community. He authored several books on acting and theater, including "Die Kunst des Schauspielers" (The Art of Acting) and "Spielarten des Theaters" (Theater Playstyles). In addition to his work on stage and screen, Berg was also a talented musician and enjoyed playing the guitar and singing. His contributions to the arts are still celebrated today, and he is remembered as a versatile and talented artist who had a profound impact on German theater and cinema.
Wolf-Dietrich Berg was born to a Polish mother and a German father. His family moved to Germany when he was a child, and he grew up in Munich. He became interested in acting at a young age and pursued it as a career after completing his studies at the Otto Falckenberg School of Performing Arts. Berg was known for his dedication to his craft and his willingness to take on challenging roles. He was especially renowned for his ability to imbue his characters with a sense of depth and complexity. He was also known for his generosity and kindness towards his fellow actors and collaborators. Despite his success, Berg remained humble and grounded, always prioritizing his work and his students. His legacy continues to inspire aspiring actors and theater practitioners around the world.